Генетичне різноманіття зразків ячменю ярого за цінними господарськими ознаками

Abstract

Goal. To determine the peculiarities of the formation of grain yield and elements of the crop structure depending on varietal characteristics, fertilization, and seed inoculation of common bean. Methods. Field — for recording grain yield, laboratory — for determining the main elements of the crop structure of common bean plants, statistical — for mathematical processing yield data by the method of dispersion analysis. Results. The factor that had the greatest influence on the main structural elements of the common bean crop was the variety. The lowest individual productivity in the experiment was characterized by the variety Halaktika. It should be noted the significant advantage of the Otrada and Nata varieties in terms of indicators of the structural elements of the harvest compared to other varieties. Thus, the number of beans per plant and the number of grains from 1 plant were greater in the variety Nata; these indicators were the maximum when applying potassium humate on the background of seed treatment with biological preparations: beans — 9.2 pcs. on a plant, grains — 35.9 pcs. from 1 plant. The determined indicators were higher than that ones of beans of the variety Bukovynka in the corresponding version of fertilizing by 0.6 pcs. and 5.8 pcs. from a plant. The mass of grain from 1 plant of the variety Nata was greater compared to the mass of the variety Bukovynka by 1.3 g/plant. The variety Otrada was especially distinguished by the number of beans, which were 10.4 pcs. on 1 plant. This variety provided the maximum weight of seeds per 1 plant — 8 g for the use of potassium humate on the background of seed treatment with biological preparations and application of N32P32K32. In this variant of fertilization, the maximum grain yield was formed by the varieties Ros, Nata, and Orada — 2.32; 2.41, and 2.45 t/ha, respectively. This exceeded the control variant by 0.29; 0.38 and 0.42 t/ha, respectively. Conclusions. Ros, Nata, and Otrada varieties provided the maximum indicators of crop structure and grain yield on average for 2018 – 2021. To fully realize the productivity potential, these varieties should be grown with the pre-sowing treatment of seeds with biological preparations and foliar fertilizing of crops with potassium humate on the background of N32P32K32 application.