ЖИТТЄВА МУДРІСТЬ ЯК СПОСІБ САМОВІДТВОРЕННЯ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ В АНТИЧНІЙ ФІЛОСОФІЇ

Abstract

In a finishing period of "axial time" in ancient philosophy there was the reflective forming of conceptions of vital wisdom, one of key problems of that it was forming of identity. One of the base ideas of vital wisdom was a recreation of constancy of Higher space (“cosmos”) order in the way of life of man. An ethic reflection exactly consisted in aspiration authentically to incarnate knowledge about principles of existence of Space in the certain way of life of sage. Herein also an intension showed up to the permanent, stable recreation of existentional kernel of identity. Thus, vital wisdom appears the substantial factor of forming of identity and self-consciousness in ancient philosophy. This process was the important moment of more all-embracing process of forming of process of forming of concept of reflection as supervisory instance of reflected mechanisms of culture in “axial time” (K.Jaspers). More and more complete use by the active members of society of reflective mechanisms in most forms of culture, in particular in moral, political, legal relations, and also in artistic work, religious practices, in logic thinking and philosophical comprehension became qualificatory in this time. In the later stage of development of “axial time”, for example, in time of Hellenism, a reflection began to call to the inner world of man, became the reflection of reflection and, especially for late stoics, by self-consciousness. The reflection of realization of content of knowledge about the world was here complemented by the reflection of reacting on change in the surrounding world on the basis of certain world view knowledge and ethic principles. Passive contemplative consciousness was here complemented by practical consciousness with participation of morally-volitional factor. Epicurus and epicures offered the idea of the active constructing by man of his own deserving life and achievement by him of the state of ataraxia. Sceptics considered, that for the achievement of the state of ataraxia it is necessary to separate subject from the surrounding world, using the method of abstention from judgements. Stoics offered to maintain the vital position of brave standing in opposition to burdens of the surrounding world, maintenance of own dignity and all-sufficientness of consciousness. Analogical conceptions and spiritual practices of vital wisdom were offered by the representatives of philosophy of Ancient India (buddhism, vedanta, classic yoga) and philosophy of Ancient China (Taoism, Confucius). Thus, a concept of vital wisdom, that spread in time of ellinism, is characteristic of “axial time” practice of application of self-knowledge and self-perfection of man, realization of self-value of human personality, recreation and reconstruction of permanent identity.