СВІТОВИЙ ДОСВІД ФІНАНСУВАННЯ ГАЛУЗІ ОСВІТИ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

Abstract

Adequate financing of education is necessary to maintain an efficient system and provide high quality education. The armed conflicts have a negative impact on economic development, as a result, the available resources become limited. Usually, the education sector is not a priority for financing, but educating the population remains important. The purpose of our article is to determine the best practices of funding the education sector during wars and armed conflicts. Our analysis of the impact of the wars and armed conflicts on the economic development of the parties involved showed that the lack of funds leads to the reallocation of the government expenditures towards military and defense sectors, usually at the expense of others, including education. It has been established that the impact of armed conflicts on the financing of the education sector is determined by several factors, in particular, the drop in economic growth rates, the disruption of trade relations, and the reallocation of expenditures from other sectors to defense and the army. This means that the state requires external help to finance educational sector. Globalization caused the growing interdependence of the national economies, so the neighbor countries are particularly interested in resolving that conflict and supporting the afflicted party. As such the interna­tional community created a program to support education development in emergencies (including natural disasters, wars, armed conflicts etc.) and practical recommendations for their implementation. There are several parts of the program for different scenarios including creating temporary facilities to provide preschool and school education, and relocation of the children (including abroad) for the purposes of subsequent repatriation or integration. As a result, the external support includes official development aid (financing the education sector of the recipient) and providing aid to the refugees. It has been established that at the moment only 29 countries are donors of the official development assistance in the field of education, and most of it is provided by 5 countries. On the other hand, most of developed countries have established practices to provide help for education of the migrants and refugees.