Abstract
A new mandarin hybrid cultivar called ‘Shinyegam’ was developed from a cross between ‘Kiyomi’ (Citrus unshiu × C. sinensis) and ‘Wilking’ (Citrus reticulata) at the Citrus Research Institute of the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science in 2012. The ‘Shinyegam’ was extracted with 70% ethanol (SYGE), and polyphenol content was measured to assess total antioxidant activity of flavonoids. Radical scavenging activities of the extracts were examined using a-a-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. SYGE showed high polyphenol and flavonoid content as well as strong DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP radical scavenging activity. We used a mouse model to assess the memory enhancing properties of SYGE and its ameliorating activities on learning and memory impairments. Drug-induced amnesia was initiated by scopolamine treatment (2 mg/kg, interperitoneal). SYGE administration (25 mg/kg, oral) significantly enhanced cognitive function and attenuated scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments as determined by novel object recognition, passive avoidance and Y-maze tasks. In addition, SYGE increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus. These results suggest that SYGE enhances learning and memory in normal states and attenuates memory loss caused by cholinergic dysfunction.
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