ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ УСЛОВИЯ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

Abstract

In order to develop the economy and improve the efficiency of investment activity in the state, it is necessary to form and develop a system for transferring the savings of the population into investments. The key to the functioning of the financial market is to create a mechanism for attracting investments to the market by establishing contacts between those who seek to invest excess income and those who need funds to develop their project. Thus, temporarily free capital of individual small investors is mobilized and the accumulated funds are effectively distributed among numerous consumers. This has a positive effect not only on the state of the economy, but also on the rate of growth in the efficiency of investment activity. At the same time, the stock market, in terms of its impact on economic growth indicators, can be considered as a direct, key part of the financial market as a whole, which, in its essence, is generally a set of institutions, both formal and informal, that provide households, entrepreneurs, enterprises and other market agents with financial resources. services. The main such institutions are the banking services market, the insurance market and the stock market. Within the framework of stock markets, one of the most promising means of attracting financial resources of private investors to the financial market is collective investment. Collective investment organizations make it possible to involve in this process, along with large investors, the population, transforming their savings into investments. The further development of collective investment is due to the globalization of financial relations: the stable, successful positioning of the country in the global financial market is largely determined by the growth in the capitalization of professional participants in the securities market, including investment funds. Investment funds are currently one of the most interesting instruments of collective investment and are gaining more and more popularity. However, in the domestic financial market, this form of collective investment is in its infancy. The global financial crisis had a negative impact on the state of the investment funds market and revealed the problems of its development. In addition, the relevance of the topic is also emphasized by the need to improve the mechanisms for attracting funds from the population to the stock market using such tools as investment tax deductions and individual investment accounts. All the considered mechanisms for attracting funds from the population to the stock market act as a factor in increasing the efficiency of investment activity in the Russian Federation.