Сравнительный анализ методов калибровки каналов сигналов антенн моноимпульсной радиолокации

Abstract

Today, antenna arrays (ARs) are increasingly used as antennas in modern radio engineering systems. With the help of AR, you can control the shape of the radiation pattern (DN) and the position of its main lobe, called the beam of such an antenna system. Each AA channel contains microwave components for controlling the amplitude and phase of the signal passing through it. These components are characterized by errors in setting the amplitude and phase, which negatively affects the shape of the pattern and its characteristics. Therefore, to compensate for these errors, it is necessary to use the AP calibration at the production stage, and also during its operation. The paper presents various calibration methods; the most suitable and promising methods for AA calibration were determined; the principles of operation of these methods are considered, the advantages and disadvantages of the methods are identified, a comparative analysis of all methods is carried out, as well as the conditions under which it is more expedient to use one or another method. The following calibration methods are considered: Phaseless methods: (Rotating-Element Electric Field Vector method - REV method, Measurement of Two Elements method - MTE method, Sorace algorithm, Levita (Leavitt), Correlation algorithm Adaptive methods: (Music method, Capon method, SMI (Sample Matrix Inversion algorithm), least mean square error (LMS) algorithm, Quasi-Newton algorithm); Autocalibration methods: (Friedlander-Weiss method, Wang-Kedzou method, Estelie-Swindleharst-Otterson method), as well as the proposed two-phase AR calibration method. These methods are the most attractive from a practical point of view, since they can be used not only for factory calibration of the AA, but also during operation.