Історичний розвиток, порівняння і використання заняттєво-орієнтованих моделей ерготерапії

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to make a comparative analysis of occupational therapy models based on Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance Model, Canadian Model of Occupational Performance, and competent environmental activities (Care of People with dementia in their Environments), as well as to provide a brief historical review of the development and formation of models in occupational therapy. Materials and methods. The main research method is the method of analysis, which is used to comprehensively consider and describe the historical development, comparison and using activity-oriented models in occupational therapy. Results and discussion. Selecting more effective activity-oriented models requires comparing occupation models, making recommendations for selecting and combining these models in practice, and providing a systematic approach to integrating occupational engagement models with reference systems for guidance, evaluation, and intervention. All models follow a common line of thinking, and this reinforces theories. The choice of model to be used to support the practice will ultimately depend on the therapist's knowledge. Understanding these models will provide the therapist with the knowledge to view the individual as a person and to guide the therapist to clinical considerations. Models are not identified with a specific group of customers, but Canadian Model of Occupational Performance is suitable for situations where a client-oriented approach is required. The Care of People with dementia in their Environments model with a flexible approach will support the therapist's reasoning in situations where clients are unable to solve the problem or the therapist requires more guidance. It is worth noting that at the moment, a very popular practice, which is focused primarily on the client, is the basis for interaction with people in all countries. During occupational therapy, the therapist should move smoothly from one section to another to provide adjustment and improvement. In fact, success in occupational therapy is seen as an important element, because it is believed that it increases self-esteem and motivation to accept new challenges. Conclusion. The analysed models of occupational therapy are based on humanistic values, indicating that occupational therapy distinguishes classes as a positive interaction between man and the environment to influence the general well-being. All three discussed models provide a clear structure of the occupational therapy process. The practical value of the research in this area is to identify and explain opportunities for the most effective use of occupation-focused models