«Лёгкость бытия» в социокультурном контексте досоветской и советской эпох

Abstract

The work is devoted to the consideration of such a socio-cultural phenomenon as “lightness of being” in the context of the historical and cultural dynamics of Russia in the pre-Soviet and Soviet periods. The aim of the study is to identify the features related to the national mentality and the Soviet worldview, as well as stable stereotypes of their perception in connection with the phenomenon under consideration. The paper examines how the “lightness of being” was interpreted in the life of the two largest social estates of the Russian Empire – the nobility and the peasantry; as a part of the transition to the Soviet era and then in the culture of everyday life of the Soviet people; as well as in the context of Russian art, mass culture of the 19th and 20th centuries. The scientific novelty of the study is accounted for by the fact that the work identifies the most pronounced features of the manifestation of the “lightness of being” in the culture of the two epochs under consideration. The results are as follows: the concept of the “lightness of being” was comprehensively reflected in the culture of the pre-Soviet (its role in the formation of the great Russian literature of the 19th century, the “Silver Age”, the preservation of stable family and other folk traditions, turning to nature as a source of spiritual healing) and the Soviet era (the “lightness of being” as an tool of ideological influence, an element in the culture of Soviet everyday life, amateur art, musical art, a traditionalist worldview within the framework of the Orthodox faith and even its role in introducing football).