ЖІНКИ НА РИНКУ ПРАЦІ УКРАЇНИ: СТАТИСТИЧНА ОЦІНКА ТА МОЖЛИВОСТІ

Abstract

Gender equality, restriction of women's rights, protection from violence, financial independence of women are reflected in many programs for the development of society, territories, election and campaign materials. Labor potential is the most dynamic element in the assessment and analysis of economic development in the country. Gender differentiation is a qualitative characteristic of labor potential. The main goal of the article is to assess the labor potential of women in the economy of Ukraine. The tasks of the work are the calculation of gender parity according to a number of analytical indicators, the determination of gender characteristics inherent in the labor market of Ukraine, the study of opportunities and threats to the labor market in terms of equal opportunities for women and men. 7451.4 thousand women had the status of employed in Ukraine in 2021. They provided 42.9% of the employment rate. The employment rate of men was 56.9%. The unemployment rate for women in 2021 was 10.1%, for men – 9.5%. We observe negative trends in the reduction of employment along with the growth of the unemployment rate, which has had a greater impact on the female workforce in recent years. There are a certain number of stereotypes regarding gender professional distribution, in particular, the so-called "male and female professions" "approved" by society. There is a significant quantitative advantage of women in the following professional groups: "Legislators, senior civil servants, leaders, managers (managers)", "Professionals" and "Specialists", "Technical employees" and "Employees of trade and services". Men predominate among the workers. The dynamics of the average wage in the economy of Ukraine by gender for the period 2012–2021 is characterized by a gap in favor of men. This suggests that at the lower levels of grouping of occupations according to the classifier there is a significant advantage of men and, accordingly, a higher level of their remuneration, and requires a detailed separate social study at the level of enterprises and organizations.