РОЗВИТОК ЛЮДСЬКОГО КАПІТАЛУ В КОНТЕКСТІ ДОСЯГНЕННЯ ЦІЛЕЙ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ

Abstract

The article examines the evolution of the concept of «human capital». Emphasis is placed on the fact that now human capital is a form of expression of human creative forces that is adequate to the innovative stage of society’s development, included in the system of innovative economy as the main factor that ensures the quality of social and economic progress of society. It is noted that investments in human capital should be made at four levels: personal; micro levels; meso-level and macro-level. The component categories of human capital are highlighted. The peculiarities of investments in human capital in the context of achieving the goals of sustainable development are determined. The importance of not only the formation, but also the reproduction of human capital is emphasized. It is noted that in order to effectively reproduce human capital, it is necessary to invest money in improving the qualifications of citizens, as well as investing in the content of work and ensuring mobility in cases of structural changes in employment. The principles and functions of the process of reproduction of human capital are defined. It was emphasized that the country’s activities in the field of education, health care and professional training should become an important element of the government's activities. It is noted that in order to receive income from investments in human capital, a person must have education, health and mobility. Accordingly, three types of investment can be distinguished: education costs, including training for a specific workplace; health care costs, namely disease prevention, medical care, healthy food, favorable housing conditions; costs for mobility, which involves the possibility of migration from economically negative places. In order to ensure the sustainable development of human capital, it is necessary to: ensure equal access of citizens to quality medical services; improvement of the environment; transforming education into an innovative environment in which key subjects will acquire key competencies necessary for life and building a successful career; introducing fair pension payments and improving the effectiveness of social support of the population; ensuring the effective use of human capital by stimulating the development of innovative enterprises and the demand for innovative personnel, etc.