Исторические аспекты и тенденции в развитии хирургического лечения переломов

Abstract

Annotation: We consider trends in the development of traumatology from the 19th century to the present. The prerequisites for the development of intramedullary osteosynthesis appeared in the late – early 20th centuries. But the rapid development of traumatology begins with the discovery of the principles of asepsis and antiseptics and X-rays, which allows doctors to resort to surgical treatment of fractures more often. The research purpose is to determine the historical aspects and the main directions of the development of traumatology in the treatment of bone fractures. Materials and methods. The search was conducted in the open electronic scientific databases PubMed and databases of the Russian scientific electronic library eLibrary with keywords and phrases: traumatology, osteosynthesis, history of osteosynthesis, transosseous osteosynthesis, intramedullary osteosynthesis. Results. The end of the 20th century marked the appearance of a large number of different plates for osteosynthesis (dynamic compression plate – DCP, locking compression plate – LCP, point-contact fixator – PC-Fix), widely used in modern surgical practice, and methods of application (minimally invasive osteosynthesis, the use of biodegradable materials). Conclusion. The main trends in the development of modern traumatology are based on minimizing surgical intervention with maximum preservation of the biological integrity of tissues and the earliest activation of the patient.