Сучасна селекція високоврожайних сортів тритикале з поліпшеною якістю зерна

Abstract

Goal. To study genotypes of hexaploid triticale using systematic ecological tests in contrast conditions and create new medium and low-stem lines with high potential productivity and improved grain quality, form multi-line varieties with the straw length of 80 – 120 cm, the yield of 9.5 – 13.5 t/ha, high quality of gluten, dough and bread. Methods. The object of research was: samples of winter and spring triticale, soft and durum wheat, rye of different geographical and genetic origins, intergeneric, interspecific and intraspecific hybrids, as well as populations created on their basis. The sowing rate was 4.5 million similar seeds per 1 hectare, the plot area was 10 m2. Intraspecific hybridization was used in winter triticale breeding with the assessment of grain and bread quality of multilinear varieties. Hybrid populations were created by crossing hexaploid triticales, which differed in origin and type of development. Results. The use of the method of intraspecific hybridization in combination with long-term trials of hybrid populations and lines in contrast conditions allowed the creation of new varieties of winter triticale. Research work was carried out on the creation of triticale cultivars of a fundamentally new type, which differ in the areas of use, are short-stemmed and high-quality grain. Triticale varieties created in recent years in research institutions of the NAAS had high productivity potential, comprehensive immunity to major diseases, and a large volume of bread without improvers (800 ml) with a total baking score of 9 points. Conclusions. Genotypes of hexaploid triticale were studied using systematic ecological tests in contrast conditions, and new medium and low stem lines with high potential productivity and improved grain quality were created, multilinear varieties were formed with a straw length of 80 – 120 cm, a yield of 9.5 – 13.5 t/ha, high-quality gluten, dough and bread.