ВЛИЯНИЕ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО СОСТАВА ТРАНСФОРМАТОРНОГО МАСЛА НА ЕГО ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ

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Transformer oils are used to fill power and measuring transformers, reactor equipment and oil circuit breakers. Depending on the origin of the oil from which transformer oils are produced, as well as the production technology, the physical and chemical properties of oils may differ significantly, which affects their operational properties. These differences are a consequence of a significant difference in their structural group composition, as well as different molecular composition within the structural groups, which leads to different behaviour of oils in the process of degradation. The article considers the peculiarities of technological production and raw materials used in the manufacture of the most widely spread transformer oils, as well as the processes of their degradation. The analysis of literature data showed a significant difference in the chemical composition of transformer oils depending on the origin of oil and production technologies. The aim of the work is to establish the relationship between the chemical composition of transformer oil samples and their technical characteristics. The paper presents the results of the study of structural and group composition of transformer oil of different grades (GK, VG, T-1500, TKp, Nytro) by spectroscopy in the visible and near infrared spectral region. On the basis of the analysis of literature data and conducted research, the dependence of oil stability (oxidation stability) on the concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons was established, namely, the higher the concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons, the lower the stability of oils, which is confirmed by spectral measurements of oils. This method of analysing transformer oil samples allows to determine its structural-group composition and estimate the depth of purification, which is valuable information for the possibility of mixing oils in combination with mandatory types of tests.