Феномен двойничества в лирике С.Есенина и А.Блока

Abstract

This article examines the problem of duality, characteristic of the mentality of Russian culture, especially intensified at critical moments of cultural and historical development. The general decline of the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, impermanence, and the aggravation of the mystical principle contribute to the strengthening of the phenomenon of duality in the cultural consciousness of the Russian spiritual and cultural Renaissance, primarily in the works of such poets as A.Blok and S.Yesenin. The purpose of the study is to determine the functions of the duality motif in the poetry of A.Blok and S.Yesenin, since the phenomenon of duality is an important feature of their artistic world. The authors pay special attention to the term «duality» itself, which is already emerging in folklore and developing in the subsequent cultural tradition. It is shown that in studies the double can be viewed both positively and negatively. The article pays considerable attention to the function of images and motives of duality in S.Yesenin's poetry. Based on the analysis of the poem «The Black Man», which is the most striking example of the embodiment of the theme of duality, as well as the involvement of a number of other lyrical works of the poet, where the duality of his inner world is also traced, it is established that the motive of the double in Yesenin has a demonic nature, therefore he often plays the role of the enemy of the lyrical hero. The author substantiates the idea that this is one of the most significant works, which can certainly be called the key to understanding the entire artistic world of Sergei Yesenin and his life as a whole. This article is also devoted to a comprehensive study of the problem of «duality» in the lyrics of A.Blok. In the artistic world of A.Blok, there is also a split of consciousness, a mental conflict of opposite sides, which causes the appearance of doubles. Duality in Blok's work is a phenomenon of the poet's personality formation. It is connected to a greater extent with the romantic orientation of the poet. His philosophy of the existence of «other worlds» is very similar to the idea of a romantic «two worlds» embodied in the works of A.Fet and V.Zhukovsky. As a result, the authors come to the conclusion that the embodiment of the duality motif in the poetry of S.Yesenin and A.Blok was much deeper and more contradictory than just the appearance of the image of a double in the text of the work. We can talk about the split consciousness of the personality of poets. In their work, there is a trace of the spiritual duality of the poets, generated by the painful need to understand themselves, the world around them, to find their place in this world.