Мелкомасштабное ландшафтное картографирование территорий традиционного природопользования Республики Саха (Якутия)

Abstract

In the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), there are 63 territories of traditional land use of the Indigenous Minorities of the North within the boundaries of municipal districts and nasleg (lowest municipal division), as well as nomadic tribal communities. Almost 58 % of the republic’s territory is under the traditional land use status. The traditional use of natural resources and traditional lifestyles of indigenous peoples are inextricably linked to the resource potential and ecological state of natural landscapes. The paper is aimed to develop a standardized methodology for the design of a small-scale landscape map of traditional land use in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Based on the review of atlas approaches to landscape structure mapping of protected natural areas, we propose to use a multi-thematic dataset of geospatial layers according to the criteria of the classification of typological, regional and basin categories of landscapes. The dataset includes layers from previously published landscape maps and permafrost-landscape regionalization maps, soil-vegetation maps, and global geospatial data for Hammond relief regions, GMTED2010 digital elevation model and HydroBASINS river basins. Methods for delineation of mapped units include overlay geoprocessing, zonal statistics, and relief analysis. For the basemap, the description of typological landscape units includes landscape subclass-genus-type(subtype) and terrain type. The methodology was tested for the Ust-Maiskij district with predominance of mountain taiga and mid-taiga landscapes and Eveno-Bytantaiskij national district with predominance of mountain-tundra, mountain-woodland and north taiga landscapes. The obtained landscape maps contain 36 typological units that synthesize 6 subclasses, 7 landscape types (subtypes) and 12 terrain types by 5 landscape provinces and large river basins (Lena, Yana, Omoloi and Aldan). Thus, the proposed landscape mapping methodology covers the holistic spatial structure of the leading components, allowing for a multidimensional approach to territorial planning and functional zoning of traditional land use.