ЗАДАЧИ ПО УСКОРЕНИЮ ВНЕДРЕНИЯ НОВЫХ СОРТОВ ЯБЛОНИ В ПРОИЗВОДСТВО

Abstract

As a rule, it takes on average 25 years to develop new apple cultivars and include them in the State Register of breeding achievements. Usually the same time is spent for the widespread introduction of a new cultivar into production. This does not suit the producers, as during this time, as a rule, the requirements for cultivars change and increase due to changes in the technology of cultivation of apple orchards. Breeders face a difficult task to accelerate the creation of apple cultivars and their rapid introduction into industrial and amateur gardens. The time of single breeders is over, and in order for new cultivars to meet the requirements, they must be with a certain habit, immunity to scab, precocity, regular and high yield; have fruits with a bright color (red, yellow or green) of certain weight and size. Winter cultivars should have durability of fruit, rich taste and high marketability. Only a large interdisciplinary team of researchers can solve the problem with such requirements. Besides breeders, these groups also should include gardeners, geneticists, cytoembriologists, physiologists, biochemists, phytopathologists and agronomists with the corresponding machinery equipment. Large hybrid funds, giving the opportunity to rigidly reject hybrid seedlings, are needed for constant updating of the assortment. The establishing of small production testing of varieties in the institution-originator already in the transfer of the varieties to the state test can seriously reduce the time of introduction of new varieties into production. Such well-coordinated interdisciplinary teams can create apple cultivars with a whole range of economic and biological characteristics that meet the high requirements of the production.