COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY AND BIOLOGICAL VALUE OF APPLE FRUIT OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES GROWN IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF ADYGEA

Abstract

Background. Apple fruits are a valuable food product with a unique chemical composition that determines the taste and biological value. The chemical composition of fruits depends on the variety of apples, ripening terms, conditions and place of growth, which makes research relevant in the conditions of a certain region, including the Republic of Adygea, where horticulture not only has deep historical roots, but has been actively reviving and developing in recent decades. with the use of new technologies and the introduction of new varieties.
 Target. Carrying out a comprehensive assessment of the quality and biological value of apple fruits of different varieties grown in the conditions of the Republic of Adygea on the basis of a study of organoleptic, physicochemical and biochemical indicators.
 Materials and methods. The objects of the study were samples of apple fruits of the agricultural enterprise LLC “Yumiks” of 5 varieties: Braeburn, Granny Smith, Idared, Florina, Simirenko, grown in the conditions of the Republic of Adygea. In the samples under study, the determination of organoleptic, physicochemical and biochemical parameters was carried out: soluble solids (SS), titratable acids per malic acid, vitamin C, total sugars, iron, polyphenol oxidase activity, antioxidant activity (AOA). Statistical data processing was carried out in MS Excel 2016.
 Results. For the first time, on the basis of a complex of organoleptic, physicochemical and biochemical methods, studies of apple varieties grown in the Republic of Adygea were carried out: Florina, Idared, Granny Smith, Braeburn, Simirenko. It has been established that the highest index of sensory quality has apple varieties Braeburn and Simirenko, the Braeburn variety is distinguished by a high content of solids and sugars, more harmonious taste, i.e. the optimal ratio of sugar to acid is found in the Braeburn and Florina varieties. The highest content of vitamin C and bioavailable iron is characteristic of Braeburn and Simirenko apple varieties. Polyphenol oxidase activity in Simirenko, Idared and Florina varieties was higher than in samples of other varieties, while a higher AOA value was found in Granny Smith.
 Conclusion. The data obtained by us on the basis of a comprehensive study of apple varieties new to the Republic of Adygea, but already in a certain consumer demand, will allow us to give an objective assessment of their contribution to the biological value of the diets of various population groups, and also, subject to further monitoring studies, can be used gardeners of the Republic of Adygea when expanding the area under varieties with the highest taste and stable indicators of biological value.