Abstract
The present article investigates variation in the forms of word roots as presented in the “Dictionary of Morphemes of the Russian Language” by A. I. Kuznetsova and T. F. Efremova (Moscow, 1986). The following conclusions are drawn: the root is a historical concept, and its composition should be determined in relation to a specific historical era: Proto-Indo-European (PIE), Proto-Slavic or Common-Slavic (in the East or South Slavic version).The allophones of the roots of PIE antiquity {e/o/ø} represent a hyperphoneme, with a morphologized distribution of alternative forms, and the lexical meaning of such roots is expressed by consonants and sonants. The closer to the root, the further away from modernity. The division of a word into morphemes should be carried out to the maximum historical depth. A derived word is not a point in an affixal coordinate system, but a trajectory with a number of steps equal to the number of affixes.
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