Распространение фитопатогенов на зерновых яровых культурах в Уральском регионе

Abstract

Abstract. In the Ural region over the past decade, the following changes have occurred in agricultural technologies: an increase in the share of stubble backgrounds for the cultivation of grain crops, which entails special phytosanitary risks. Climate change has been expressed in progressive warming over the past 90 years. The purpose of the study was to establish the effectiveness of the fungicidal protection of wheat against a harmful phytopathogen – brown rust – in modern conditions. Methods of All-Russian institute of plant protection were used. Scientific novelty. The modern distribution of phytopathogens on grain crops in the region was assessed and effective preparations were proposed to protect wheat from leaf rust. Results. Moderate and epiphytotic development of leaf phytopathogens on spring wheat took place in 46 % of years. It is during these years that the use of fungicidal plant protection products is mandatory to maintain wheat yields. Biological efficiency of more than 90 % against the local racial composition of brown leaf rust was provided by chemical preparations, variants with combinations of active ingredients propiconazole + tebuconazole and thiophanate-methyl + epoxiconazole were especially distinguished. The use of chemical fungicidal plant protection in the years of epiphytoties retained 32–45 % yield or 7.0–9.4 c/ha. In years with moderate leaf infections, the increase in productivity averaged 3.1–4.8 c/ha. In years with active dry phenomena in the second half of the growing season, the manifestation of leaf rust was single and had no economic significance. The method of immune protection can be actively used, the set of spring wheat varieties with specified parameters for the Ural region is quite wide.