ПОРАЖЕНИЕ ПОЧЕК У ДЕТЕЙ ПРИ НОВОЙ КОРОНАВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ, ВЫЗВАННОЙ SARS-CoV-2: СИСТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР

Abstract

This bibliographical review is based on studies published in the PubMed Central® (PMC) database between Mar. 2020 and Dec. 2022 using the keywords as follows: “SARS-CoV-2,” “COVID-19,” “kidney damage” and “children.” Information on clinical criteria, laboratory symptoms, possible pathogenetic response pathways and expected long-term outcomes of kidney damage associated with SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus) infection in children was analyzed. An attempt was made to trace the features of manifestations of the new coronavirus infection depending on previous renal pathology. The polyetiological nature of renal tissue lesion is evident, which is the result of direct effect of SARS-CoV-2 virus on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), ischemia, hypercoagulation, cytokine storm, rhabdomyolysis, pulmonary-renal pathogenic reaction etc. Kidney damage in the pediatric population has been found to be more frequent in the severe COVID-19 in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) in the setting of admission at the intensive care unit (ICU). Manifestations range from minor urinary syndrome to the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). A number of consequences and cases of the course of some diseases after coronavirus infection in children as well as clinical and laboratory features of coronavirus infection in patients with previous renal pathology are described. The findings initiated the need for the long-term follow-up of children with COVID-19 both with and without renal insufficiency.