Нормирование потерь и разубоживания при подэтажно-камерной системе разработки c последующей закладкой

Abstract

Ensuring the sustainable development of mining territories is impossible without the rational use of natural resources – minerals during their extraction and primary processing. So, at the stage of mining operations, it is necessary to establish the normative value of losses and dilution of minerals. This value is determined taking into account mining and geological, technological, economic, organizational factors. The normative value of losses and dilution ensures the maximum possible economic effect from the applied geotechnology and primary processing of recoverable reserves. In addition, in order to implement full-fledged rationing, it is necessary to identify the main types of losses and dilution and establish the causes of their formation. The researchers found that the normalization of recovery indicators is possible in the case of searching for the level of losses and dilution at the contact of the deposit, that is, when these indicators are interdependent. For the conditions of most deposits with almost any method and system of development, this is the only type of normalized losses and dilution. The only exceptions are underground mining systems with the collapse of ore and host rocks. All other extraction indicators are determined analytically, experimentally, statistically, by direct measurement. For the conditions of development of the Novo-Uchalinsky deposit by underground geotechnology, the main types of extraction indicators are identified, their causes are established, recommendations are given for determining their magnitude and rationing. Thus, losses in the array and in the beaten form are highlighted, such as losses due to the complexity of the contact and in the corners of the camera, losses on the bottom of the camera and in the baseboards. Dilution occurs in the following types – from the complexity of contact, vaulting in the roof of the chamber, laying on the side of neighboring chambers, from mixing rock in rock dykes. Rationing is carried out by losses and dilution due to the complexity of the contact, in addition, it is possible to normalize dilution by laying on the side of neighboring chambers, since it is possible to establish the optimal contour of the projected chamber on contact with neighboring laid ones. Losses in the corners of the chamber, “in the baseboards”, dilution from vaulting in the roof of the chamber are determined analytically; losses on the bottom of the chamber, dilution by laying from neighboring chambers – experimentally; by direct measurement by geophysical methods, the parameters of the dikes of empty rocks are determined to establish the amount of dilution from mixing the rock in the rock dikes. The actual level of losses and dilution of ore after the mining of the dredging unit is provided equal to the standard with strict execution of the development system and technology of the main production processes.