Abstract
The history of the demographic development of the population of the northern regions of Buryatia in the late Soviet period represents one of the poorly studied topics in Russian historiography. The presented work focuses on migration processes and their impact on the population of the north of Buryatia during the construction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline. It is noted that the state set the task of increasing the survival rate and securing migrants in the territories that were in the zone of influence of the “construction of the century”. It is shown that the dynamics of migration directly depended on the activity of migration flows, due to which there was an increase in population density in the construction zone of the highway. When considering the influence of migration processes on demographic development, three periods are identified in the work. It is indicated that the second half of the 1970s was characterized by an increase in the population due to active labor migration, while the inflow of men and women of working age was reflected in the indicators of the natural movement of the population. However, the natural growth was insignificant and did not have a qualitative impact on the demographic picture of the northern regions of the republic. The authors show that in the first half of the 1980s there was an equalization of the intensity of migration processes with a slight outflow of the population; since 1985, statistics has shown an active reverse outflow of migrants with ongoing labor migration to the northern regions of the republic.
Highlights
Ситуация стала стремительно меняться с середины 1970-х годов, когда северные территории Бурятии оказались вовлечены в масштабные социально-экономические проекты
The presented work focuses on migration processes and their impact on the population of the north of Buryatia during the construction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline
The authors show that in the first half of the 1980s there was an equalization of the intensity of migration processes with a slight outflow of the population; since 1985, statistics has shown an active reverse outflow of migrants with ongoing labor migration to the northern regions of the republic
Summary
На вторую половину 1980-х годов приходится сложный период в истории бурятского участка строительства БАМа. Анализ статистики оттока населения из северных районов бурятского участка строительства БАМа позволяет судить о составе отходников. За период с 1985 по 1989 годы в северные районы бурятского участка строительства БАМа из других районов республики переехали жить и трудиться вместе с членами семьи 4236 чел. 4. Заключение Подводя итоги, следует отметить, что численность населения северных районов Бурятии в годы сооружения бурятского участка БАМа в 1970-е годы и начале 1980-х годов существенно менялась под воздействием межобластных миграций. В целом миграционное движение в районах бурятского участка БАМа не влияло на общие показатели численности населения Бурятии, в которой основной прирост населения шел за счет естественного движения. Миграционное движение населения в районах строительства бурятского участка БАМа стало причиной кардинальных изменений в демографической картине северных районов Бурятии: омоложении населения, изменении национального состава и социальной структуры. Оно оказало прямое влияние на переход от компенсаторной рождаемости к положительной динамике в естественном движении населения
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