Урожайность и качество насыщенного селеном картофеля, выращенного из клубней 10-15 мм

Abstract

Small mini-tubers up to 15 mm can be used for growing high-quality food potatoes saturated with scarce trace elements, for example, selenium, which is a powerful immunomodulator and antioxidant. This requires determining the optimum concentration of selenium applied to plants. The authors studied the yield and basic quality indicators of selenium-saturated food potato tubers grown in 2019-2021 from non-standard mini-tubers with a size of 10 to 15 mm. The research was conducted in 2019-2021 on varieties Gulliver, Ametist and Grand grown on sod-podzolic medium-cultivated sandy loam soil. The experiment course included two options: control - without treatment, experiment - leaf treatment of plants with sodium selenite. The studies were carried out in accordance with the existing methods. As a result of the experiment, the average gross yield was 17.3 to 18.7 t/ha, the marketability in terms of tuber size was 96.5 to 97.4%. In the experiment samples, the selenium content in tubers averaged 0.040 to 0.0375 mg/kg over three years, which does not exceed the maximum permissible concentration in potatoes of 0.5 mg/kg. When using leaf treatment with sodium selenite, the increase in the selenium content in tubers relative to the control was 0.08 to 0.10 mg/kg of raw weight. Leaf treatment with sodium selenite at a dose of 3 g/ha did not significantly affect the quality of potato tubers, but increased the selenium content in tubers to 0.06 to 0.10 mg/kg of raw weight. The profitability of growing food potatoes from small non-standard mini-tubers obtained by the aerohydroponic method and leaf treatment with sodium selenite, depending on the variety, is 16.1 to 28.6%. To obtain optimum selenium content in tubers, it is proposed to increase the concentration of sodium selenite and continue research on increasing yield and improving the quality of tubers.