Abstract
Goal. To determine directions of change of chemical indicators and physical and chemical properties of dark-chestnut irrigated soil at various reclamation loads. Methods. Studies were conducted on experimental fields of Institute of irrigated agriculture of NAAS in the area of Ingulets irrigation system in 2016–2018 with the use of the field, quantitative-weight, visual, laboratory, comparative-calculation, and mathematical-statistical methods. Results. The observations over the chemical composition of irrigation water during the growing season provide an opportunity to establish that in 2016 the salinity of irrigation water ranged from 1.444 to 1.813 g/dm3, 2017 — from 1.130 to 1.584, in 2018 — from 1.418 to 1.891 g/dm3. At the interaction of varients of the system of differential-1 tillage and fertilizer application, they observed the following tendency: reduction of alkaline action of low mineralized irrigation water, where it was observed the highest content of absorbed calcium from the sum of the cations (69.3%) and lowest content of toxic salts in water extract of soil (0.075%). The content of magnesium and sodium were the largest in the shallow subsurface cultivation (option 3) — 32.3 and 3.9% without fertilizer, and 30.7–31.3 and 3.5–3.8% of the sum of cations — at entering fertilizers, respectively. Conclusions. The use of different methods of primary tillage and fertilizers is not able to reduce the process of irrigation alkalinization. But at the use of shelf and differential cultivation, where for crop rotation plowing alternates with shallow shelf loosening under crops of rotation, with the application of fertilizers they fixed the highest content of absorbed calcium from the sum of the cations (69.1–69.3%). At the same time, they also fixed a slight decrease in the alkalinization and increase in the ratio of calcium cations to sodium in the soil solution up to 0.61–0.63 units, and it helps to reduce the intensity of alkalinization.
Highlights
In the south of Ukraine irrigation is the powerful factor of intensification of production which together with positive influence is able to entail transformation at first aquatic and gas modes of soil, and to result in substantial changes in composition eaten up cations of ground-absorptive complex and among physical parameters
Intensity of transformation of soils especially grows at the use of irrigation waters limitedly suitable and useless for irrigation on the agronomical and ecological criteria of estimation [1,2,3]
In connection with the use of watering waters with their enhanceable mineralization practically on all irrigated arrays of south region lixiviating of calcium is marked from the meter epiphase of soil, which results in the height of maintenance of eaten up sodium in a soil-absorptive complex and development of secondary alcalination [4,5,6]
Summary
In the south of Ukraine irrigation is the powerful factor of intensification of production which together with positive influence is able to entail transformation at first aquatic and gas modes of soil, and to result in substantial changes in composition eaten up cations of ground-absorptive complex and among physical parameters. In connection with the use of watering waters with their enhanceable mineralization practically on all irrigated arrays of south region lixiviating of calcium is marked from the meter epiphase of soil, which results in the height of maintenance of eaten up sodium in a soil-absorptive complex and development of secondary alcalination [4,5,6]. It is educed the agromelioration monitoring , that convertible and irreversible processes (resalinization, alcalination, flooding, destruction macro- and microstructures, bearing-out of organic and nourishing matters and others like that) pass in the irrigated soils. Study of the noted processes, and especially conformities to law of their changes, under act of anthropogenic factors enables to estimate the modern state of the irrigated earths and rationally to use him in concrete agrotechnical and reclamative terms, what determines actuality of this development
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