Сучасні психолого-педагогічні методики розвитку дітей з особливими освітніми потребами

Abstract

The article examines the problem of psychological and pedagogical support of children with special educational needs in the process of education and upbringing using modern development methods. The purpose of the study was to substantiate the methods of psychological and pedagogical support of children with SEN in the process of education and upbringing using modern development methods. The author notes that throughout the world and in our country, psychological and pedagogical methods of stimulating the child’s development have been developed, taking into account the peculiarities of their development. There are also methods developed specifically for children with SEN. Regardless of the type of violation, methods of teaching children with SEN are constructed taking into account the patterns of the child’s development, the peculiarities of the development of a child with SEN, as well as specific features and the level of their development. This approach makes it possibleto use the developed methods for all children, individually adapting them for each child. The author of the article states that in order to create a social environment for a child with SEN, it is necessary to take into account individual needs and capabilities; close interaction and cooperation with parents is necessary; and it is also worth stimulating interest in learning and developing independence. The main emphasis is placed on the latest methods of psychological and pedagogical support of children with special educational needs in the process of education and upbringing, namely “Little Steps” method for forming the basic skills of a child with special needs. This is a programme and methodological support for early pedagogical assistance to children with SEN, which encourages them to interact more fully with the world around them. The essence of the socio-psychological model “Portage” is that with the help of multiple repetitions of the action, the child gradually learns, develops and acquires previously inaccessible skills. The system of teaching vital skills is aimed at improving the quality of a child’s life. The specified Numicon system is useful when it is very difficult for a child with SEN to acquire knowledge in the field of mathematics, even basic skills needed in everyday life. That is, the use of various methods of psychological and pedagogical support of children with SEN in the process of education and upbringing contribute to the development of their emotional, language, motor and cognitive spheres. Keywords: psychological and pedagogical support, special educational needs, children with SEN, Down syndrome, developmental methods, socialisation, adaptation and modification.