ИННОВАЦИИ КАК НОВЫЕ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННЫЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ И НОВЫЕ СПОСОБЫ ВЕДЕНИЯ БИЗНЕСА

The relevance of the socio-philosophical analysis of the digitalization of the economy as a multidimensional process goes beyond purely economic changes and affects all aspects of public life. The article discusses the key social transformations associated with digitization, digitalization, and digital transformation. They are based on new phenomena such as labor automation, digital inequality, changing communication models, and the formation of a new social identity. The aim of the study is a socio-philosophical analysis of the digitalization of the economy as a complex social and economic phenomenon of a dynamic process and civilizational shift. The objectives of the study are: 1) to analyze the digital economy as a dynamic process and civilizational shift in the context of digital transformation; 2) to reveal the concepts of digitalization, digitization and digital transformation as social phenomena and their impact on the economy, society, state, and governance; 3) to clarify the social, ethical and existential aspects of the digitalization of the economy. Digitalization, digitization, and digital transformation are three different concepts that are interrelated but have different meanings and levels of impact on the economy and society. The article considers the digitalization of the economy as a process of introducing digital technologies into the traditional economy to increase efficiency, automate business processes and improve management. Digitalization is the adaptation of the traditional economy to digital technologies. The author analyzes the role of digital technologies in transforming social relations, shifting centers of power, and creating new ethical challenges. Digital processes not only modernize the economy, but also change the social structure, political systems, and management approaches. Digitization, digitalization, and digital transformation are three levels of digitalization that have different impacts on social institutions and structures. It is concluded that digitalization is not just an economic phenomenon, but a global civilizational shift that requires a comprehensive understanding and balance between technological progress and humanistic values.

The article determines that in the modern conditions of the development of the fourth industrial revolution, the emergence of cyber-physical complexes combined into one digital ecosystem, a significant role in economic growth is assigned to scientific and technological progress and the intellectualization of production processes. The introduction of innovative technologies is the main factor in market competition, by increasing production efficiency and improving the quality of goods and services. By creating favorable conditions for the development of scientific and technological progress, the constant introduction of innovative equipment, technologies and material resources into production, it is possible to achieve high development of economic entities and the country as a whole, which will increase the level of gross domestic product (GDP). Innovation-oriented development of business entities plays a major role in the modern economy and is an objective element of its functioning. Without the development and implementation of innovations, it is impossible to ensure the growth of productive forces and create conditions for the effective development of production taking into account digital technologies. The article determines that the issue of innovation-oriented development of business entities, taking into account digital transformations, is a detailed concretization of the task of developing methods for managing competitiveness with the help of an innovative component. Economic crises, the unstable position of the majority of domestic business entities, insufficient financial resources, the lack of an effective system for motivating human capital and an inflexible management system have formed dubious guidelines for the implementation of the innovation process. For the effective innovation-oriented development of business entities in the context of digital transformations, it is necessary to create organizational and economic mechanisms that will stimulate the entire process of creating an innovative product or service. We need an interest in the innovation-oriented development of institutional bodies of state and local self-government, as well as business structures that will finance innovative projects, form and implement effective innovative development strategies and create conditions for their implementation.

The article deals with theoretical and methodological issues of improving management sys-tems for innovative development. At the same time, special attention is paid to the issues of the impact of the achievements of scientific and technological progress on the transformation of patterns and principles of sub-stantiating effective innovative solutions in the paradigm of digitalization, digital transformation and globaliza-tion. It has been substantiated and proved that digitalization and digital transformation predetermined the need in the process of innovation to take into account such new patterns of development of innovation processes as turbulence, delocality, desynchronization, temporality, humanization, and a high level of corporate culture all participants in the innovation process.

Introduction. In today's world, which is characterized by rapid changes in the technological environment, the role of human potential becomes key to ensuring economic development and progress in scientific research. The knowledge economy, based on innovation, education and scientific achievements, requires not only material resources, but also highly qualified personnel capable of adapting to new challenges and offering. Human capital is considered the main factor contributing to the development of scientific and technical progress, in Ukraine there is a problem that limits the range of effective use of this potential. First, there is insufficient integration between scientific institutions, educational institutions and industry, which makes the transfer of knowledge and technology difficult. Secondly, the problems of insufficient financing of scientific research and the outflow of personnel from the country affect the decrease in the quality of specialist training. Thirdly, the pronounced state strategy for the development of human potential has the potential to disperse resources and insufficient support for innovation. Aim of the article: The main purpose of the article is research and substantiation of the key role of human potential in the development of scientific and technological progress, as well as an analysis of effective mechanisms of its formation and use to promote the development of the knowledge economy at the national level. The article is also aimed at determining the main factors affecting the integration of human capital into innovation processes, and providing recommendations for improving the strategy of human potential development in Ukraine. Method (methodology). The article uses a systematic approach for a comprehensive study of the role of human potential in promoting scientific and technical progress, as well as methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization to study the relationships between the level of human capital development, innovative activity and the knowledge economy; Empirical methods were applied to assess the impact of qualitative characteristics of human potential on scientific and technical indicators and prospects for their improvement in Ukraine. The results. The results of the study are that human potential plays a decisive role in promoting scientific and technological progress and the development of the knowledge economy, since the integration of a high level of education, innovative skills, good health and social values contributes to the growth of the productivity of scientific activity and the successful implementation of technological solutions. It has been established that a comprehensive approach is needed to accelerate scientific and technological progress, which involves investing not only in education, but also in creating conditions for physical and cultural development, popularizing a healthy lifestyle, and motivating active participation in innovative processes.

The article explores the term "innovation", for which the authors use modern approaches to its understanding. According author’s mind, In the world economic literature, “innovation” is interpreted as the transformation of potential scientific and technological progress into real, embodied in new products and technologies. The issue of innovations in our country has traditionally been developed in the framework of economic research of scientific and technical progress. The term “innovation” has been actively used in the transition economy of Georgia, both independently and to denote a number of related concepts: innovation activity, innovation process, innovation solution, etc. To clarify the concept of innovation, we consider different views on its essence. After giving their own definition of the term, the authors proceed to the classification of innovations and note that their diversity and heterogeneity require some kind of work.
 According to the classification of the authors of the study, innovations are divided according to innovative potential, technological parameters, content, place in the enterprise, causes, nature of the needs being satisfied, degree of territorial novelty.
 The authors think that the innovation process as an object of management is much more complex than a routine production process. Any business performed by a person or an organization for the first time is nothing more than an innovation process (table), which causes a lot of difficulties and mistakes, requires alterations and adjustments. Routine processes, on the contrary, are repeated regularly, which leads to specialization and automation of personnel knowledge and skills, reduction of errors in the technological process, and development of a clear and effective algorithm of actions.
 In the process of research, the authors compiled a comparative description of the innovation and production processes and gave the concept, structure, content of the work of innovation processes at its main stages.
 In conclusion, the authors note that as F. Kotler notes, the development of a new product is most effective in those cases where from the very beginning there is close cooperation between the research and development department and the technical, manufacturing, marketing and financial departments of the company.

There exists an interdependence between scientific and technological progress and economic development. The development of science and technology brings along economic development, meanwhile economic development offers powerful support for it. Based on statistical analysis of the relationship between Sci-Tech investment and economic growth in recent decade, this article explores the dependencies between them, and gives us a measurement model. The result suggests that local Sci-Tech investment is more effectively for GDP growth. Furthermore, a win-win proposal of seeking for Sci-Tech progress and economic growth is given. Key words : Science and technology development; Independent innovation; National innovation system; Measurement model

In order to explore the relationship between China's scientific and technological progress and economic growth, granger test is been used on investment in science and technology and economic growth based on the sample period (1995-2010) of economic data.The experimental results show that : the scientific and technological progress and economic growth are each other's Granger causes. The paper divide the investment of science and technology into the manpower investment and financial investment in the analysis of economic growth and investment of science and technology the causality, then do Granger causality test on economic growth index GDP.

The paper analyzes the factors influencing the innovative development of the oil and gas complex in order to identify the drivers of digital transformation. As drivers, the paper considers phenomena that directly or indirectly affect the dynamics of the introduction of digital technologies into the business processes of oil and gas companies and their digital transformation. In total, 12 factors were identified that, according to the authors, have the greatest impact on the digital transformation of the oil and gas industry. The factors were divided into four groups: economic, political, raw materials and factors of scientific and technological progress; their systematic analysis was carried out. The object of the study is the innovative development of the oil and gas industry, the subject is the factors influencing the introduction of innovative technologies. Systematization, analysis and synthesis of information are used as methods of scientific research. The study revealed that the strongest drivers are the factors of scientific and technological progress and raw materials factors that have a direct impact on the digital transformation of the industry due to the formation of challenges and new technological solutions that reduce production costs and develop new, previously unprofitable projects. Political and economic factors, on the other hand, have an ambiguous impact due to crises formed under the influence of factors that have the strongest influence on the innovation policy of companies. The results obtained can be implemented in the activities of oil and gas companies in the preparation of digital transformation strategies or to create conditions for the transformation of other sectors of the economy.

Introduction: forecasting of economic processes, as well as planning of activities, is impossible without considering the specifics of the current stage of economic development and expected transformations. In the literature sources scientific and technical revolutions, technological orders and scientific and technological progress are not reviewed in a complex. Objectives: based on the imposition of stages of scientific and technological progress, scientific and technological revolutions, and technological orders to study the evolution of the economy, taking into account the cyclical nature of its development. Methods: retrospective analysis, systematization, forecasting. Results: the authors have systematized the existing approaches to the classification of economic cycles, the historical stages of scientific and technological progress, the features of scientific and technological revolutions and technological orders. It was revealed that the existing approaches to classification of economic cycles do not take into account such a criterion as the “level of economic interaction”, which served as the basis for distinguishing three levels of the emergence and development of economic cycles (microeconomics, macroeconomics and mega-economic). The authors have identified the stages of economic development in terms of changing the role of a person in the production process. The fifth stage of scientific and technological progress– “digital society” and the fifth industrial revolution – “green” in the middle of the XXI century were predicted. Conclusions: the results of the study can be used as the basis for further scientific research on the digital transformation of the economy and the identification of driving forces contributing to the formation and development of a digital model of the national economy.

Digital transformation of enterprises: Job creation or job destruction?

Economic growth is one of the most important tasks for any country, including Russia. It allows for sustainable development, improving the standard of living of the population and strengthening its position in the international arena. Economic growth in Russia depends on many factors, including investment, human capital development, infrastructure, improvement of the business climate, development of the small and medium-sized business sector, and innovation. The right combination of these factors will ensure sustainable and long-term economic growth in Russia. One of the key factors of economic growth is investments in various sectors of the economy, contributing to the creation of new jobs, the development of production and increased productivity. According to the Ministry of Economic Development, investments in fixed assets increased by almost 10% in 2023. In the first half of 2024, the growth of investments in fixed assets amounted to +10.9%, which is higher in real terms than the same period last year. An equally important factor in economic growth is the development of human capital. Russia is undergoing large-scale educational reforms aimed at improving the quality of education and training personnel capable of competing in the global market. The development of the transport system, energy, communications and other infrastructure sectors contributes to improving business conditions, attracting investment and developing regions. Creating a favorable business climate is an important factor for attracting investments and developing entrepreneurship. Small and medium-sized businesses, as the driving force of the economy, contribute to the creation of new jobs. Russia is taking measures to support and develop this sector, including benefits for entrepreneurs, access to finance, and consulting support. The innovation infrastructure is also actively developing, innovation support programs are being implemented, and scientific and technological progress is being stimulated.

The aim of the article is to develop mathematical models based on multiplicative production functions with neutral scientific and technological progress (hereinafter referred to as NTP) for analyzing the dynamics of the volume of agricultural production in the Russian Federation. During the research, a methodology for assessing the impact of scientific and technological progress based on multiplicative production functions was used, taking into account "effective" labor. Assessment of the impact of scientific and technological progress on the dynamics of growth of the gross output of agricultural products before and after the sanctions. As a result of the study, models were developed that allow analyzing the dynamics of agricultural development in two time periods: pre-sanctions (2000-2013) and post-sanctions (2014-2024). It was proven that under the conditions of sanctions restrictions, digital transformation has acquired more significant significance as a tool for increasing the sustainability of agricultural development in conditions of limited access to foreign technologies and equipment. As a result of constructing and analyzing models reflecting the dynamics of gross agricultural output in two periods - before and after the introduction of sanctions, a significant difference in the impact of scientific and technological progress was revealed. In the pre-sanction period from 2000 to 2013, the impact was estimated at 70%, which indicates a sufficient contribution of technological innovation and modernization to production growth. Under the conditions of sanctions restrictions from 2014 and at the time of the study in 2024, this figure increased to 159%, which reflects a significant increase in the role of internal factors, including the intensification of digital transformation and technological adaptation of the industry to new economic realities.

The article considers the problem of the formation of the living environment as a complex eco-social and natural space of an ecologically oriented personality. The author argues that the prospect of life and evolution of human society can be ensured only in conditions of joint development of the biosphere and society, that is, in conditions of coevolution of humanity and the environment. The purpose of the article is to reveal the two–way influence of nature and man on the state of the environment and the ability of a person to adapt to all kinds of natural metamorphoses based on their needs. Since the mutual activity of man and nature has always depended on the state of the natural environment, on the evolutionary development of mankind, a complete restructuring of the entire structure of socio-natural relations is necessary to ensure the harmonization of the relationship between society and nature. Spiritual and educational activities and the improvement of the ecological culture of society can help in achieving this goal. The main research method is a socio-philosophical analysis of the author's research, the works of domestic and foreign scientists, on the basis of which it is concluded that the development of the environment as a complex system with harmoniously functioning social, economic, environmental and other principles of modern development is a concept that characterizes the ecologization of both the entire social world order and the human environment, in particular in particular. In the situation of the global environmental crisis caused by the negative consequences of scientific and technological progress and industrialization, humanity is faced with environmental problems such as climate change on a planetary scale, pollution of the atmosphere, oceans, soil cover of the Earth, etc. One of the most serious environmental problems is pollution of the habitat by municipal waste. Therefore, the author argues that the formation and development of an environmentally oriented personality is a key aspect in the formation of an eco-social and natural space.

In the context of ‘Digital China’ and the ‘Dual-Carbon’ targets, there is an escalating need for energy saving and pollution reduction in China’s manufacturing sector. By optimizing resource allocation, enhancing precision in energy consumption monitoring and fostering the integration of traditional production factors, digital elements are pivotal in steering the sector towards energy technology progress, thereby affecting overall energy usage and carbon emissions. This study leverages panel data from 2009 to 2020 to quantify the manufacturing sector’s digital transformation and its energy-saving technology progress bias. It also examines the catalytic role of digital transformation in fostering energy-saving technological progress. The findings reveal the following: (1) The trajectory of technological progress within China’s manufacturing sector has progressively improved and predominantly demonstrates an energy-saving bias. (2) Digital transformation has significantly catalysed energy-saving-biased technological progress across various manufacturing subsectors, this conclusion is still significantly credible after a series of robustness tests. (3) Heterogeneity analysis reveals that as the digital transformation progresses from collaborative innovation to comprehensive digitalization phases, it has dramatically optimized the energy-saving-biased technological progress in various industries, especially in pollution-intensive industries. These insights offer substantial implications for policy formulation and industrial evolution.

Purpose: the article defines modern approaches to establishing a balance between digital transformation and the social responsibility of the state and business based on identifying trends and principles for introducing digital technologies into human life, taking into account the priority of social responsibility.Methods: the study is based on a systematic approach to the digital transformation of society. Within the framework of this approach, the use of the achievements of scientific and technological progress is considered: in public administration – for the purpose of breakthrough development of the country and the interconnected solution of socio-economic problems; in the business sphere – to improve the quality of economic activity and strengthen competitive benefits.Results: a review of the current state of the digitalizing society, the demand for digital services and satisfaction with the quality of their receipt, the readiness of Russian regions to provide electronic public services. The trends of digital transformation of public administration and the stages of evolution of digital maturity of the state are revealed. It is emphasized that the successful solution of the issues of the digital agenda by the state becomes a stimulating factor in the digital development of business structures. The analysis of digital trends in the business environment has shown their conjugacy with the digitalization of public administration in the presence of a number of differences. The key role of company management in promoting the ideology of digital transformation is noted. Since the use of digital technologies, along with positive effects, can pose a threat to human security, the preservation of his rights and freedom, it becomes necessary to use the concept of social responsibility in carrying out digital transformations of society. The principles of social responsibility in carrying out digital transformations are defined.Conclusions and Relevance: the processes of digital transformation have firmly entered into all spheres of society. Despite the technological nature, digital development should take place in the logic of a humanistic approach. It is based on the principles of morality, recognition of the inviolability of human rights, with the emphasis on the importance of social responsibility of all actors of digital transformation. At the same time, Russia should build its own model of digital transformation based on respect for dignity, freedom and human rights guaranteed by the Constitution.