ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ВПЛИВУ НА ДОВКІЛЛЯ ПРИ БУДІВНИЦТВІ ТА РЕКОНСТРУКЦІЇ АВТОМОБІЛЬНИХ ДОРІГ

Abstract

Introduction. Environmental impact assessment is an important legal instrument that is aimed at preventing / minimizing environmental damage, ensuring environmental safety, rational use of natural resources, in the decision-making process on the implementation of economic activities. EIA is an important legal tool to prevent the consequences of activities of both enterprises and planned activities. This tool is as close as possible to European Union standards. EIA is carried out in compliance with the requirements of the legislation on environmental protection, taking into account the existing ecological state, environmental risks of the planned activity, prospects for socio-economic development, the power of the combined direct and indirect impact, including taking into account existing facilities. An EIA is a procedure preceding a planned economic activity (in this case, the construction or reconstruction of roads) and involves determining the nature, degree of danger of this activity on the environment and public health Problem Statement. Projects for the construction and reconstruction of roads are an integral part of Ukraine. Transport infrastructure has a significant negative impact on the environment, which is accompanied by the transformation of ecosystems, fragmentation of landscapes. In addition, motor vehicles are a powerful source of pollution of the atmosphere, territories and water areas adjacent to roads, and noise pollution. However, do not ignore the economic importance of road communication. That is why, the planning, construction and operation of roads must be carried out in accordance with environmental standards, and the norms themselves must ensure minimization of environmental impact. So far, there are no clear practical recommendatory criteria for determining the environmental damage of the proposed activity and the preparation of the EIA report. That is why it is important to constantly improve existing methods and definitions of environmental risks in order to form an assessment mechanism. This study is devoted to the application of one of such modern mechanisms of environmental impact assessment. The use of the method for assessing the level of environmental hazards for the implementation of the planned activities in the construction and reconstruction of critical infrastructure facilities was tested. Purpose. To test the method of assessing the level of environmental impact in the implementation of planned activities in the construction and reconstruction of the highway. Research methods. general scientific (generalization, comparison, analysis and synthesis, theoretical and methodological substantiation); mathematical statistics Results. To quantify the interaction between the types of activities (or groups of acting factors) during the project and the components (environmental characteristics) of the environment, a combined approach was taken to assess the impact using the improved Leopold matrix. The matrix is a table that contains horizontally a list of processes that affect the environment during the reconstruction (repair) of the road, vertically — criteria and indicators of impact, as environmental characteristics. The evaluator (analyst, project developer, expert) can modify the matrix in accordance with the specific tasks of the road construction and reconstruction (repair) project. Conclusion. The generalized function allows you to set an integral indicator of environmental impact assessment, which is a quantitative, unambiguous, universal indicator of the quality of the studied object and can be used as an EIA criterion for the construction and reconstruction (repair) of a road through its adequacy, efficiency and statistical sensitivity.