Abstract
Safflower is a low-cost, low-maintenance crop that, when grown in arid conditions in Astrakhan and other regions with unstable weather conditions, with the right selection of varieties, can produce stable yields of oilseeds and be an insurance crop. The resulting safflower oil seeds can be used as a highly nutritious feed for poultry and livestock, or as a raw material for the oil and fat industry. Safflower oil can also be widely used both in the food industry, as an alternative to sunflower oil, and in the chemical industry, for example, for the production of drying oil. Experiments on the study of safflower varieties in the arid conditions of the northern Caspian Sea were laid during 2019 ... 2021. The study was carried out with varieties from the world collection of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N.I. Vavilov. 24 varieties of various ecological and geographical origin underwent a comprehensive study. As a result, varieties with promising productivity and oil content were identified that can be used in further breeding when creating varieties adapted for arid territories. This article presents the results of the analysis for the oil content of the studied varieties. The highest oil content of 31.0 ... 31.6% was noted in varieties from Kazakhstan - Moldir and Nurlan, as well as in the Alexandrite sample of the Nizhnevolzhsky Research Institute of Agriculture breeding. The calculation of the oil yield per hectare made it possible to identify the most productive samples from Kazakhstan - Center 70 with an oil yield of 348.3 kg/ha and Shirkas - 292.7 kg/ha, as well as Akmai - 291.4 kg/ha. The variety samples isolated during the study can be used in further breeding of adapted, high-oil varieties of safflower.
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