АГРОЕКОНОМІЧНЕ ОБГРУНТУВАННЯ ВИРОБНИЦТВА КУКУРУДЗИ ТА СОЇ В КУЛІСНО-СМУГОВИХ ПОСІВАХ

Abstract

We researched the formation of maize and soybean grain productivity in conditions of insufficient moisture at coulisse-strip planting with mineral fertilizer application in a rate of N30Р30К30 under primary tillage and rational use of moisture. In conditions of insufficient moisture and at the alternation of maize and soybean rows, it was found that the illumination of the agrocenosis significantly changed, especially in adjacent rows. In this case, there were differences in temperature and humidity of air, on soil surface and between rows on the plot. The best results were obtained with the wide-row sowing maize and soybeans with 45 cm row spacing compared to 70 cm row spacing. Under the canopy of closed soybean leaves in 30 and 45 cm row spacing, the air temperature at afternoon (1:00 p.m.) was by 4.5–6.2 ° C lower than in open soil areas and above the agrocenosis surface. In adjacent rows, maize plants shaded soybean plants in the morning and afternoon; they were less exposed to sunlight and had more favorable conditions for growth and development. The soybean and maize plot with 45 cm row spacing was the most productive. Grain productivity of soybean and maize plants from the whole plot was 2.04 and 4.55 t/ha, respectively, and was maximum. The cost of 1 ton of soybean and maize grain was the lowest at coulisse-strip planting with 45 cm row spacing. When growing soybeans in coulisse-strip planting with row spacing of 30 cm, the cost of production was slightly higher. In case when row width was 70 cm, a cost increased and a profit decreased by 240 and 98 UAH, re-spectively. The profitability of soybean and maize cultivation at coulisse-strip planting with 45 cm row spac-ing was 114 and 128%, respectively. Keywords: maize, soybeans, coulisse-strip planting, sowing method, production costs, cost price, profit, profitability.