Распределение вознаграждения между узлами сети блокчейн и правило их мотивации

Abstract

The article сconsiders the proposed approach for assessing the possibility of equitable receipt of fees by blockchain nodes for closing blocks. The theory of random processes is applied to describe transaction flows and block closings. The distribution of fees received by the nodes for closing a block is analyzed. The fees are the values of a normally distributed random variable and they differ slightly in value. The concept of a master node and an empty block is specified. An estimate of the probability of fee receiving by blockchain nodes for closing a block which are close to the average value is proposed based on the law of large numbers. The variant of the operation of the blockchain network, in which some of the nodes are disconnected from the network, is considered. In this case, the distribution of fees between the nodes is changed, but the equality of the nodes can still be preserved if the proposed additional conditions are met. A rule is formulated for motivating nodes to maintain their constant connection to the network by transferring fees intended for nodes that did not respond to the request to become a master node and summing them with the fee for the first node that responded to the request. Special penalty functions regulating the amount of the fee are applied, which makes it possible to maintain the equality of nodes in this case as well. The more general case allowing temporary shutdown of a part of the nodes of the blockchain network is considered. The analysis of the situation when the nodes are forced to shut down for technical reasons is performed