ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ПОТРЕБИ І ВРАХУВАННЯ ГЕНДЕРНОГО АСПЕКТУ В СИСТЕМІ СПОРТИВНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ

Abstract

Introduction. The issue of gender equality in sport is multidimensional, requiring a variety of research, drafting relevant legislation and regulations, and training professionals to work at different levels, educated on gender issues. Meanwhile, the key issue for the topic of the formation of a modern system of training athletes, taking into account the culture of gender relations remains insufficiently elaborated at the level of theory in Ukraine, although it must preempt, direct the actions of various practitioners who are otherwise compelled to act, based on foreign experience and sound experience. Research purpose. Substantiation of the need and consideration of gender in the system of sports training in Ukraine. Research methods and materials. The complex of methods of theoretical research (generalization of literature, materials from the Internet, content of previous own scientific developments, abstraction, idealization, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction), as well as questioning on the developed author's questionnaire were used. As a result of the coaches' survey, 62 correctly completed questionnaires were obtained. Results. The stage of gender socialization in adulthood facilitates the revision of norms and patterns of genderrelated behavior and some adjustment of personality traits, but the formation of personality traits in a particular activity continues. In adulthood, masculine sports contribute to increasing courage, firmness, and self-control in women; increasing dominance, self-control, and reducing anxiety in men. Feminine species contribute to women's decline in dominance, increasing anxiety, non-conformism, increasing stereotypical views on qualities inherent in men and women in society; whereas men develop straightforwardness and emotional stability. It is known that the general fundamentals of sports training, presented by the theory of sport, are common to men and women. However, some factors, such as socio-psychological, as well as the characteristics of women's body make some conditioning in their training. It is therefore very important, when preparing national and regional programs aimed at the development of physical culture and sports, to take into account not only age, but also gender, as a guarantee of ensuring the prerequisites for creating equal opportunities for access to sports and fair distribution of public funds for this sphere of life society. Conclusions. 1. The gender components of sport theory, which carry information about the real processes of socio-sexual relations in the field of sport, are now the result of extrapolation of the basic provisions of general gender science to sport theory and thus are included in the structure of sport theory. However, the problem of the direct transposition of gender perspectives into the field of sport only indicates that there is an objective need to gain new knowledge at the frontier of general gender and to study gender-specific sport issues. 2. Due to the variety of forms of exercise, the sport sector needs further exploration for optimal implementation of the gender approach, including conducting gender studies to address existing social and socio-psychological problems. Yes, there is a gender disparity issue with gender roles chosen by women in sports, and this can create conflicting life situations that go beyond the professional responsibilities of coaches. The principle of taking into account the sociogender identity of a person is poorly taken into account in sport, as evidenced by the opening up of opportunities for women to engage in almost all masculine sports, because at present the concepts of implementation of this principle in sport have not been developed or implemented. 3. Therefore, there is a societal need, both for continued research and for qualified specialists trained in the gender components of sports theory and practice, who are able to apply this knowledge to the development of the sports movement, as well as to improve the level of knowledge of students in specialized higher education institutions that complicated by the practical lack of software and methodological support of the educational process at the level of systematic integration of the principles of sports theory and gender in the field of sports. 4. Based on the above, in the current context, it is possible to recommend to the broad practice, which should be specified by the available exceptions (conscious personal preferences and needs of boys and girls to the selected sport), classes that are more suitable for the sex. Keywords: gender, athlete's personality, gender aspect in the system of sports training, masculinity, femininity, antagonistic sports, synergistic sports, autonomous sports.