Баланс фосфору за різних систем удобрення в агроценозі Центрального Лісостепу

Abstract

Goal. To give a comparative assessment of the balance of phosphorus, and to determine a connection with the productivity of cereals in the short crop rotation for long-term application of organic and organo-mineral fertilizer systems in the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. By-products of crops were used as organic fertilizer at saturation of the crop rotation with the legume. Methods. Studies were carried out in the stationary field experiment in the Cherkasy state agricultural experimental station of NSC «Institute of agriculture of NAAS» in 2011–2019 on the area of 0.75 ha in 5 fields with the seed size of the plot 30 m2, and 4-times repeatability. They used field, laboratory, comparative-calculation, and mathematical methods. Results. At the use of organic fertilizer system, a strong correlation was revealed between the output of f.u. and the main products and the rate of turnover and balance capacity of P2O5: in the first case, the opposite (R=0.65–0.69±0.02; R2=0.42–0.48), in the second — direct (R=0.67–0.85±0.02; R2=0.45–0.72). Compared to the organo-mineral fertilizer system correlation weakened somewhat. Per unit of output of f.u. and the primary product increase of the capacity of the P2O5 balance was in 1.78 and 2.11 times smaller. Between the P2O5 balance capacity and balance capacity of N and CO2 was a direct correlation on the average level: R=0.53±0.02; R2=0.23 for N, and R=0,90±0,03; R2=0,86 — for CO2. Per unit of the capacity growth of balance of phosphorus, they fixed 7.62 kg N and 0.79 tons of CO2, which was significantly higher as compared to the organo-mineral fertilizer system. Conclusions. Assessment of dynamics of yield of grain crops in 2011–2019 had shown the following: in organic fertilizer system the increasing trends were detected in winter wheat and barley; in organo-mineral fertilizer system regression coefficients for the variable degree functions at the cultivation of barley were higher in 1.5–1.8 times, winter wheat — were approaching each other. Grain yields at the use of organic and organo-mineral fertilizer systems of cultivation were decreasing, at the use of organic fertilizer system, the drop in trend was in 1.9 times less.