순수시(純粹詩) 시론을 넘어: 김춘수 시론에서의 폴 발레리 시론의 전유

Abstract

Chun-su Kim understood the essence of French symbolism as Platonism. The concept of Platonism’s Idea is inherited by Baudelaire’s poetics of artificial paradise and Mallarmé and Valéry’s metaphysical exploration of the self. The concept of pure poetry as poetry that is composed of only musical elements excluding all elements other than poetry was artistically realized in Baudelaire’s poetry, starting with Poe. The first use of the phrase “la poésie pure” in Valéry’s poetics was found in “Avant-propos à la Connaissance de la Déesse”. Next, in Valéry’s prose “Situation de Baudelaire”, he thought that Mallarmé developed Baudelaire’s poetry with perfection and poetic purity. In Valéry’s prose “Propos sur la Poésie”, he pointed out that the expression of excitement was incidentally pure. In Valéry’s prose “Nécessité de la Poésie”, he emphasized the importance of intellect in poetizing and the importance of abstract thinking. Furthermore, he asserted that poetry should be inevitably narcissism. Finally, in Valéry’s prose “Poésie Pure”, it was emphasized that pure poetry should be an inaccessible ideal. Chun-su Kim described in detail the pure poetry that built up abstract thoughts into the poet’s inner world through the musical language in Poetics. Chun-su Kim analyzed Valéry’s poetry in Sense and Nonsense, and criticized Valéry’s poetry for failing to reach the ideal of pure poetry in that it was speculative. Valéry’s poetics of pure poetry was adopted in Chun-su Kim’s poetry. When Chun-su Kim created the works of the musical and philosophical pure poetry, it was same as Valéry’s. On the other hand, Valéry’s poetics of pure poetry was criticized in Chun-su Kim’s poetics, when Chun-su Kim wrote an autobiographical epic that embraced Korean tradition and history. In conclusion, Chun-su Kim created a new poetics beyond poetics of pure poetry by appropriating Valéry’s poetics.