ГРАНУЛОМЕТРИЧЕСКИЙ СОСТАВ КАК ВАЖНЫЙ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЬ ПЛОДОРОДИЯ ПОЧВ БАГАЕВСКОГО РАЙОНА

Abstract

Purpose: to study the effect of granulometric texture on soil fertility, especially on the humus content and its structural state in the soils of Bagaevsky district Rostov region. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on the soils of Bagaevsky district Rostov region. Samples were taken from the main genetic soil horizons. The granulometric texture was determined by the pipette method according to N. A. Kachinsky, and the soil structure was determined according to N. I. Savinov or granulometric (grain). Statistical data processing was carried out according to B. A. Dospekhov using the Microsoft Excel software product. Results. The main soil of Bagaevsky district is chernozems, they occupy about 64 % of the total land area of the district, chestnut soils occupy more than 26 % of the total area of the district, and floodplain soils occupy more than 7 %. The relationship with an approximation coefficient R² = 0.51 was revealed between the content of the fraction of physical clay and humus in the studied soils. Our studies of humus amount in the soils of Bagaevsky district showed that they are characterized by a very low and low content. In the studied soils, a close relationship between the structural state and the content of physical clay was determined (R² = 0.83). An analysis of soil humus status shows that the balance of organic matter is unfavorable for the prevailing part of arable land. An analysis of the research results by some authors shows that for the period from 1960 to 2021, the decrease in the humus content in arable soils of Bagaevsky district was 0.7 %. For its deficit-free balance, it is necessary to apply up to 6 t/ha of organic fertilizers. Conclusions. Our studies, combined with data analyses of studies conducted in Rostov region by a number of authors, made it possible to identify a significant effect of granulometric texture on the humus content and, as a consequence, soil fertility in general.