ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ СТРАТЕГІЇ ДНОПОГЛИБЛЕННЯ ПІДХІДНОГО КАНАЛУ ТА ОПЕРАЦІЙНИХ АКВАТОРІЙ ПОРТОВИХ КОМПЛЕКСІВ

Abstract

Global trends in the grain and cargo markets are that ship owners seek to achieve economies of scale by building and operating vessels that are larger than existing vessels (length, width, draft). The use of large-tonnage vessels has advantages, in particular, in reducing freight costs by up to 15–20% and increasing the productivity of their handling at the berths without the need for additional loading at the raid. To handle such vessels, ports must modernize their infrastructure, land-based facilities and operations. Therefore, it becomes important to determine the efficiency of dredging works in the approach channel and water areas of port complexes, which will correspond to these trends. The article analyzed foreign experience in planning and dredging, as well as studied its impact on the environment. The development of mathematical models to optimize the planning of dredging works, including the factor of sediments of bottom soil masses, was investigated. The purpose of the article is to develop an economic-mathematical model for optimizing the strategy of dredging in the approach channel and operational water areas of port complexes. This model takes into account revenue from stevedoring operations in the port, revenue from port dues for sea and river vessel calls, investment in dredging and other factors. In the paper, a model was developed, dependencies were analyzed and equations of model factors were compiled, and appropriate verification calculations were carried out. The results confirm that sediments of bottom soil masses depends on the depth at a certain point in time, that is, the greater the amount of dredging, the greater the sediments of bottom soil masses. In addition, an increase in the amount of sediments is observed during dredging operations. The decrease in depth leads to a decrease in the number of sea and river vessels, as the world uses more and more large-tonnage vessels, which requires deep-sea water areas and channels. This model demonstrates that its use contributes to the development of a competent dredging strategy, which, in turn, has a positive effect on the development of port infrastructure.