ТИПОЛОГИЯ ИТАЛЬЯНСКИХ ПРАЗДНИКОВ И ИХ РОЛЬ В СОХРАНЕНИИ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ НАРОДА

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to characterize two models of Italian holidays. The obvious division of holidays into secular and religious does not quite allow us to see in the festive and festival tradition of Italy the conditions for the formation of a national character. The second model is a three – part festive structure: religious, sports-urban (palio, gare) and folk-gastronomic (sagra) holidays. This also does not fully reveal the relationship of events, because all three groups are based on a religious component. A holiday for Italy is a day of communion with God, which is present in the etymology of the concept. The Catholic tradition has adopted folk elements, as evidenced by the processione (solemn procession) and the folk holidays themselves retain a sacred component in the form of veneration of the Patron Saint of the area on the day of sporting and gastronomic events. Research objectives: to actualize the word festival in a broader historical and cultural context; to form the holiday model itself with the core and constituent components; to compare the designated types of holidays. The main methods were the observation of the functioning of the holiday and festival units in the works of Italian researchers, the description and comparison of three types of holidays, as well as the theoretical method of formalization in the construction of a holiday model. The subject of the study is a three – part composition of Italian holidays with a special sacred element in each inherent in this category. I would like to emphasize that the holidays reflect one of the key categories of the Italians’ worldview – the balance of elements, in this case sacro e profano (sacred and simple). The formation of a holiday model as a phenomenon allows you to see the element of happiness that is hidden in the word festival, although in Italian this term is used mostly in relation to artificially created events. The variety of regional holidays and the preservation of festive traditions in their conduct demonstrates how carefully Italians follow the ceremonial and ceremonial canons. In a broader sense, the work on the description of festivities reveals national features, contributes to the understanding and preservation of such a phenomenon as national genius, and also forms a structure for the development and preservation of the cultural constant holiday. Understanding the holiday as a phenomenon that preserves traditional values is becoming important in a changing world that seeks to unify all cultures with the dominance of artificial meanings.