Зрошення — головний елемент сучасних агротехнологій в умовах Південного Степу України

Abstract

The purpose. To justify scientifically directions of application of irrigation in modern crop production technologies in rainless conditions of South Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Analysis, synthesis, generalization. Results. In conditions of climate fluctuation it is necessary to use in irrigation farming of Ukraine the intensive crop production technologies based on use of innovative methods with optimization of different methods of showering and regimes of irrigation, fertilizer systems, treatment and protection of plants. Structure of sown area and crop rotations on irrigated lands of Ukraine for intelligent use of irrigated lands and avoidance of negative impact of external factors of natural and anthropogenic character is offered. Methodological and methodical approaches are developed on the basis of integral criterion of irrigated lands for their intelligent use, avoidance of degradation processes, protection and reproduction of fertility. Resources saving techniques are improved of cultivation of different crops on biological properties with observance of project normative expenditures worked out by scientists of Institute of irrigation farming and other scientific institutes of NAAS. Scientific approaches on state-private partnership in guidance system of water resources are developed, and instruments of state support and regulation of entrepreneurial business in the field of irrigation farming are specified. Conclusions. The major on immediate prospects will be problems of decreasing all sorts of resource losses by irrigation and other elements of agrotechnologies in conditions of regional climate fluctuations. For this purpose it is necessary to develop new scientific approaches on application of innovative techniques of artificial irrigation on the basis of minimization of discharge of water, energy, work and means, setting of irrigation water, fertilizers, pesticides and biological preparations, taking into account location of root system of crops for determination of optimum doses of watering, use of solar energy for alternative power supplies and so forth.