АНАЛІЗ ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЙНИХ ЧИННИКІВ, ЩО ВПЛИВАЮТЬ НА ПАЛИВНУ ОЩАДЛИВІСТЬ ВАНТАЖНИХ АВТОМОБІЛІВ

Abstract

The experience of using cars in the combat and day-to-day operations of the troops testifies to the presence of different traffic conditions caused by different pavements. This leads to a wide range of average truck speeds, under-utilization of cargo or overloading of vehicles. Therefore, quantitative assessment of the influence of these factors on the formation of real fuel economy of trucks, improvement of the practice of predictive rationing of linear fuel consumption, which oriented on the best asphalt roads Category I and traffic in the economic zone of speed is an urgent scientific task. The solution to this problem is based on the methods of multivariate research and quantification of the relationship between the type and condition of the road, the speed of movement and loading with fuel economy of trucks based on the methods of multivariate experiment planning. Assessment and research of the fuel economy of a car are characteristic of the initial stages of the formation of the theory of the car as a science and have evolved over the last 70 years. Practically research in the field of fuel economy of the car can be roughly divided into three groups:  optimization of fuel economy of gasoline and diesel engines directly in the process of their design and finishing;  research and optimization of fuel economy in the process of designing and finishing new cars, ie selection of characteristics and parameters of the power drive, tires, aerodynamics and other design factors for certain typical driving conditions;  exploring the possibilities of improving the operational fuel economy of production cars in real and various operating conditions and improving the standardization of fuel consumption in operation. The article focuses on the 3rd group of studies, as it is especially relevant in the existing conditions of operation of the fleet, first of all, where it is practiced to plan linear fuel costs, in particular in budgetary structures, incl. Armed Forces, SESU, NSU with the terms of normalization of fuel consumption, assessment of the impact of specific conditions of movement and operation on the actual fuel consumption. The review and analysis of existing studies of fuel economy of trucks allowed to distinguish 3 characteristic groups:  research into the relationship between changing the design parameters and specifications of a car with fuel economy;  study of the influence of the conditions of movement of the car on its fuel economy;  assessment of the impact of the technical condition of the car, including adjustments and faults on the increase in linear fuel consumption. From the analysis of researches it follows that for serial designs of trucks (at their normal technical condition according to the TU of the factory – manufacturer) the factors of driving conditions have the greatest influence a priori:  speed of movement;  type and condition of the road surface;  car loading;  longitudinal profile (ascents and descents), tortuosity of the road in the plan (number and radii of turns per unit of route), ie geometric characteristics of the road;  traffic intensity and formation of traffic flow (including typical types of urban, suburban and long-distance traffic). As a rule, known studies focus on the evaluation of specific two-factor dependence of fuel consumption on any of the above factors. There are virtually no comprehensive multifactorial studies that would allow a specific quantitative assessment of the impact and interrelation of all the above factors and their relative importance on the formation of the total linear fuel consumption of cars. The preliminary comparative analysis shows the greatest specific importance and dominant influence on the formation of fuel economy (Qs), the first 3 factors mentioned above, ice speed, type, road condition and vehicle loading. Keywords: car, linear cost, driving mode, technological factors, linear norm.