Пространственное распределение структурно-гидрографических характеристик речных систем бассейна озера Байкал

Abstract

Listen

Translate article

Analysis of structural and hydrographic characteristics of the structure of river systems and their interconnections was carried out for the future use in calculating runoff and the conditions of its formation for unexplored rivers. An annual normal and maximum water discharge observed in the 96 gauging sections of the standard observation network are hydrological basis. The research of river systems was carried out on the basis of topographic maps of scales of 1: 500 000 and 1: 200 000 and radar topographic surveys, which became the basis for constructing static and dynamic models of river systems. The static model is a totality of permanent watercourses and reflects the conditions of continuous flow. The system of impermanent and episodic watercourses is filled in the period of extreme flow. Аt this time, earlier element of the channel network without inflow become elements of a higher order. This model is dynamic. The study was conducted for the river systems of the Russian part of the Baikal basin. All parameters of river systems and their basins are divided into simple, structural and expositional classes, characterizing the conditions for the formation of thalwegs and runoff. The seven areas are identified which combine river systems when studying complex of the calculated parameters. The average structural module is a criterion for the distribution of the study territory into homogeneous area for the calculation of water discharge. The average structural module is determined by the local relation of annual normal water discharge on the total entropy of river systems. This relationship allows runoff calculations for watercourses that are not provided with hydrological information. In connection with this, a new stage of studies of the relationships between the characteristics of the structural class of the water-erosion network and the parameters of the river basin as an indicator of maximum aquifer ability arises.