Abstract
The studies were conducted in 2018–2023 in the Far Eastern Agricultural Research Institute with the aim of creating new source material of spring soft wheat for the soil and climatic conditions of the Middle Priamurye. It was established that the share of the "year" contribution was 56.25%, the share of the "variety" contribution was 34.43%, and the influence of the "variety × year" factors was 9.32%. As a result of the research, 25 collection varieties of spring soft wheat with high resistance to lodging were identified, exceeding the standard Khabarovchanka variety (363 g/m2) by an average of 29–412 g/m2: Anfeya, Dalira (Russia, Khabarovsk krai), Kalinka (Russia, Moscow region), Bulyak, Hayat, Al Varis, Ioldyz (Russia, Tatarstan), Alabuga, Tyumenochka (Russia, Tyumen region), Omskaya Yubileinaya, Stolypinskaya 2 (Russia, Omsk region), Voevoda, Prokhorovka (Russia, Saratov region), Tulaikovskaya 108, Tulaikovskaya 110 (Russia, Samara region), Mertsana (Russia, Tambov region), Rodnik (Russia, Chelyabinsk region), Sr9b, Sr5 (Australia), Calispero (France), Morocco (Africa), Jasna (Poland), Stepnaya 100, Almaken (Kazakhstan), Boett (Sweden). Varieties with high and stable formation of grain yield were noted, regardless of the influence of negative environmental factors: Jasna (Poland) – 475 g/m2, Morocco (Africa) – 499 g/m2, Tulaikovskaya 110 (Russia, Samara region) – 568 g/m2, Alabuga (Russia, Tyumen region) – 621 g/m2, Voevoda (Russia, Saratov region) – 775 g/m2. As a result of intraspecific hybridization, 46 hybrid combinations were obtained with a total number of hybrid grains – 1 685 pieces and an average set rate of 44.5%. In 8 combinations, forward and reverse crossings were made. It has been established that the percentage of setting is significantly higher when using local selection varieties Anfeya and Dalira as a maternal form (Anfeya × Kalinka – 66%, Dalira × Kalinka – 62%) than as a paternal form (Kalinka × Anfeya – 17%, Kalinka × Dalira – 2%).
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