Просторово-часова трансформація агрохімічного стану ґрунтів у зоні сухого степу

Abstract

The analysis of the dynamics of agro-chemical parameters in space and time can be regarded as one of the most important and objective procedures for determining the efficiency of systems of agriculture, especially in its soil-protective aspect and yield programming. Our research on the changes in agrochemical properties of soils on irrigated and non-irrigated lands in dry steppe (the Kherson region of Ukraine as an example)in the 0...40 cm layer covered a period of 42 years (1970-2012). Spatial-temporal modeling of heterogeneity in the distribution of the studied parameters was performed using GIS technology and multivariate statistics. The study presents a series of thematic maps, graphic and statistical characteristics of temporal trends and spatial changes in the agrochemical properties of soils by the results of sampling data on 4450 points on the territory of the region. It determines a general pattern of the deterioration of the agrochemical condition of soils. The absence of regular, uniform mineral fertilization in required amounts, effects of wind and water erosion (including irrigation-caused), soil deflation, as well as prolonged irrigation led to a decrease in the humus content by an average of 0.36%, in exchangeable potassium by 18%, in mobile phosphorus by 34.17%, in nitrification nitrogen by 17.0%. The approaches, methods and results of special and temporal modeling presented make it possible to take a comprehensive approach to the issue of a detailed study of heterogeneity in the formation of the agrochemical status and efficiency of using agricultural lands for the purpose of further development and implementation of evidence-based reclamation practices and project solutions to improve the efficiency of nature management in the steppe zone. The results obtained determine territorial priorities of the regional policy allowing us to use a differentiated effectiveness of the soil protection block of the farming systems.