Некоторые подходы к оценке состояния человеческого капитала (на примере Казахстана)

Abstract

The efficiency of economic development in the context of globalization and international integration is largely determined by the human capital accumulated and realized in the country. Modern science-intensive technologies require highly skilled specialists, engineers, and workers of technical professions. This becomes possible when using human capital of a new qualitative level, which makes it necessary to solve a number of methodological problems in terms of qualitative changes in the process of its formation. The aim of the study is to analyze the main approaches to the assessment of human capital and to develop proposals for its most objective assessment at various levels of manifestation — individual, micro- and macroeconomic. The article discusses the main methods for evaluating human capital: retrospective (based on the costs of its production) and perspective (based on income derived from the use of this capital). The proposed indicators of the qualitative state of human capital are aimed at its assessment from a new perspective, taking into consideration current global trends in the formation of innovative economy and digitalization.