К ВОПРОСУ РАЗВИТИЯ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ МЕЛИОРАТИВНОЙ ОТРАСЛИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН

Abstract

Sustainable and efficient production of agricultural products, regardless of the influence of weather and climate factors in the zone of risky farming, is largely possible only with the widespread introduction of land reclamation measures. The research was carried out with the aim of studying the current state of the reclamation industry in the Republic of Tatarstan and developing scientifically based ways of its development. In the course of the studies of the economic efficiency of irrigated agriculture in the republic, it was found that in potatoes production due to irrigation, the yield increases from 3.89 to 4.2 times, and the marketability of finished products due to improved quality and standardization of tubers by 2.58 times. It was revealed that with a potato marketability of 80%, the net income per 1 ha is 495.9 thousand rubles. The net income from 1 ha of corn for silage under irrigation is 52.4 thousand rubles. This suggests that one ruble spent on irrigation allows farms to receive up to 12 rubles of additional production in the production of grain crops. And in the production of vegetables and marketable potatoes - up to 40 rubles. The cultivation of perennial crops on irrigation makes it possible to obtain up to four full-fledged cuttings, which makes it possible to provide the livestock industry with a reliable fodder base. At this stage of development of the reclamation industry of the Republic of Tatarstan, about 1.5% of the arable land of the Republic is under irrigation reclamation, it produces up to 18.5% of the gross crop production. However, the widespread introduction of land reclamation elements by agricultural producers is limited due to a number of reasons. This series includes: the high cost of restoration, construction, operation and maintenance of reclamation facilities and their network, the lack of technical and financial resources for agricultural enterprises, the need for preliminary costly survey and design work to obtain design estimates (DED). According to expert estimates, to provide food for the inhabitants of the Republic of Tatarstan, it is necessary to have at least 150 thousand hectares of irrigated land, against the currently available 35 thousand hectares. Achieving the indicated value of irrigated lands is not possible without the adoption of a comprehensive program for the development of melioration and agrolandscape farming system, which should be adequately financially secured for the implementation of program activities.