정조대 『어제전운시』의 유입과 병자호란 기억의 재구성 -나덕헌 이확을 중심으로-

Abstract

Examined in this article is the Eoje Jeon’un-shi, which came from Qing to Joseon during King Jeongjo’s reign. How it shed a new light on the actions of two individuals named Na Deok-heon and Yi Hwak, and how it affected the Joseon people’s recollections of the war with the Manchurians that occurred in the Byeongja-year(1636), is the main focus of this study.<BR> When the (Qing) Emperor Hongtaiji was enthroned for the first time, Joeon representatives Na Deok-heon and Yi Hwak refused to bow, despite all the beating and torture they had to suffer. But upon their return to Joseon, they were accused of joining the celebratory occasion of Hongtaiji’s enthronement, and also of receiving an official letter from him who clearly called himself an Emperor. To answer for their crimes, they were summarily exiled. At the time it was indeed reported that they never actually bowed, but people did not believe it, and the doubtful stares existed even after they were given posthumous governmental positions during the reign of King Sukjong.<BR> Then later, in 1778(2nd year of King Jeongjo’s reign) the Joseon people learned that the story of the two was inserted in the Eoje Jeon’un-shi(御製全韻詩), and after this very book was officially imported into Josoen the next year(1779), the situation changed dramatically. The actions of Na Deok-heon and Yi Hwak were heralded as a brave and decisive act which declared to the entire world Joseon’s determination to uphold its loyalty toward the legitimate master of China (the late Ming), against the barbaric Qing which undeservedly proclaimed its leader as an Emperor. They even received posthumous titles for that, and governmental officials and academic scholars alike, regardless of their political parties and world views or even perception of the Qing, engaged in vibrant efforts of creating biographies for these two men.<BR> But certain portions in Eoje Jeon’un-shi, which documented Qing’s invasion of Joseon (and also immediately followed the story of Na and Yi), was conveniently ignored in the process. This paved a way for the Joseon people’s memories of the Byeongja-year war to convert into a different sort of recollection, which remembered the event as one symbolizing Joseon’s everlasting loyalty toward the late Ming.