ПАРАЛЕЛІ В ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНІЙ ПРАКТИЦІ АРХІТЕКТУРІ ЖИТЛА ЗАХІДНОГО ТА УКРАЇНСЬКОГО АВАНГАРДУ

Abstract

The article is devoted to the parallels in the practice of experiments of the Western and Ukrainian avant-garde in the field of residential architecture of the 1920s and early 1930s, case study is Kharkiv early modernist residential architecture. The article examines the social and residential early modernist architectural concepts of the metropolitan Kharkiv as an example of a combination of avant-garde Soviet concepts of forming a new social consciousness and Western concepts of residential architecture. It was in the early 1920s that the issue of housing began to be included in political discourse. Architecture and urban planning were seen as the main tool for solving social problems, which in the following years would become a trend in Europe and the United States, as well as in Soviet Ukraine. The study identifies the main global trends in residential architecture of the 1920s and 1930s and shows the peculiarities of the implementation of avant-garde concepts inspired by both global trends and Soviet narratives of creating a new person and a new society using architecture as an instrument. In the 1920s. the formation of architectural and urban planning concepts in Soviet Ukraine was in line with the main social ideas of the architectural and urban planning practice of the West in the following sequence uncritical borrowing of Western "bourgeois" models - "garden city"; attempts at social innovation inspired by the classics of utopian socialism - " house-commune" as a reincarnation of the phalanster; designing new functional-spatial models as a means of implementing social doctrine - " residential combines"; socio-economic invention in the context of sectoral planning - "social city". Practical testing of the models created at each stage became an incentive for new searches.