Усадьба Виц-Григорьевых (Костромская область): история создания и современное состояние

Abstract

Provincial noble estates are an important component of the domestic architectural and landscape heritage. Over the years, there has been a loss of significance of noble estates as a phenomenon of Russian national culture. Therefore, the role of noble estate and park complexes as cultural landscapes and as elements of preserving the cultural identity of Russia is increasing. This issue is of particular relevance for the Kostroma region, where there is an extremely low safety of rural noble estates. The aim of the study was to examine the history of the creation of the noble estate of the Vits-Grigorievs and the current state of its natural and anthropogenic landscapes (Kologrivsky district of the Kostroma region). The research was carried out in several stages using the following methods: historical and archival expertise, field surveys, graphic-analytical method. By 1917, the manor complex included the main house with outbuildings, garden and park and utility parts, an orphanage with a school. To date, none of the manor buildings have survived. The basis of the complex is a larch-linden park, formed in two stages: in the first half and in the last quarter of the 19th century. An assessment of the sanitary condition of plantings and the structure of the tree canopy made it possible to conclude that an active process of decay of park plantings is taking place. To date, there has been an almost complete displacement of ornamental plants on the estate by species from wild flora. Since 1917, musk strawberry (Fragaria moschata), germander meadowsweet (Spiraea chamaedryfolia), Siberian peashrub (Caragana arborescens) and common lilac (Syringa vulgaris) have remained in the assortment of ornamental plants. To preserve the historical and cultural value of the object, it is necessary to carry out measures for its reconstruction. Modern use of the territory may include the creation and implementation of a tourist route.