ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ КОМБИНАЦИЙ РАБОЧИХ ОРГАНОВ КУЛЬТИВАТОРА ДЛЯ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ КУКУРУЗЫ

Abstract

When cultivating corn, large farm holdings use a wide range of various modern herbicides to control weeds. For many small farms, herbicidal weeding of crops is practically impossible due to expensive inputs. To minimize corn production costs, the author analyzed the effectiveness of combining cultivator working tools for row-to-row processing of corn crops. The experiment was conducted in the Tambovka district of the Amur region. A “Bereginya” seeder was used to sow medium-ripened Falcon maize (hybrid). The seeding rate was 80…90 thousand germinating grains per 1 ha. The seeding depth was 4…6 cm. The cultivation operations involved pre-emergence harrowing and cultivation. To combat weeds and loosen the soil, two inter-row treatments were carried out during the phase of the first- and fifth-leaf formation. The experiment included four combinations of cultivator working tools: flat hoes (blades), universal center hoes, chisel-shaped hoes and hoe wheels. A variant with the use of a herbicide mix was adopted as the standard. The tillage depth with one-sided flat hoes (blades) was 6…8 cm, with universal center hoes – 10…12 cm, with chisel-shaped hoes – 15…20 cm, with hoe whells – 8…10 cm. It was experimentally established that the use of a herbicide mix contributed to obtaining the highest corn yield of 3.87 t/ha. Mechanical weeding of row spacing using two universal center hoes with a chisel-shaped hoe and hoe wheels or two one-sided flat hoes with a center hoe made it possible to obtain yields of 3.39 and 3.38 t /ha, respectively, and increase the profitability of corn production by 3.8…38.6% as compared with the use of a herbicide mix. The study has proved the effectiveness of combining cultivator working tools in inter-row cultivation of corn crops.