Организация процессов обработки строительных отходов в рамках технологии «умный снос»

Abstract

The large scale of demolition of buildings under the renovation program in Moscow is associated with the generation of a significant volume of construction waste that requires recycling. The strategic initiative "Circular Economy" developed by the Government of the Russian Federation provides for increasing the share of recycled resources by 2030. In the construction industry, it is expected to use up to 40% of raw materials from recycled materials. However, this condition determines the need to create a unified sustainable system for the management of construction waste, interconnected with the demolition of buildings and structures, which justifies the relevance of studying the processes of preparing construction waste for secondary use. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to develop recommendations for organizing processes for collecting and processing construction waste at the demolition site, taking into account urban density and compliance with safety requirements. An analytical review of legal requirements, as well as scientific research in the field of dismantling work, was carried out, organizational and technological solutions to ensure safety during the dismantling of buildings using the “smart demolition” technology were studied and systematized. The paper shows the results of a study of dismantling using the “smart demolition” technology of a 21-story frame hotel building in Moscow. The study is based on field observation methods with filming and photographic recording of work and subsequent description of the nomenclature of construction waste based on systems analysis methods. The relationship between the method of dismantling the building and the proportion of sorted waste suitable for recycling has been established. Schemes for organizing waste storage and processing points have been developed, taking into account urban density and compliance with safety requirements. The proposals can be recommended for use when creating a unified construction production system, including both dismantling work and construction waste management work.