Цена на углерод: теория и практика регулирования выбросов парниковых газов

Abstract

In the context of transition to low-carbon development, carbon price is rapidly gaining ground all over the world. Discussions on its implementation are under way in Russia as well. However, the use of carbon price as an indicator can be compounded by certain risks. In practice, to overcome them depends on the ability of carbon price designing to take into account the specifics of a country or industries where the regulation is introduced. The regulator needs to determine the specifics of carbon pricing, identify the acceptable degree of regulation and coverage of carbon price; consider the consequences for vulnerable sectors of population, companies, etc. The study aims at systematizing theory and practice of carbon pricing across various countries and regions of the world economy. Drawing on the analysis of fundamental and empirical works, the authors identify the factors that limit the effective use of carbon price; classify the key elements of carbon pricing design. Based on the analysis of international experience, the article provides recommendations on the development of a system for regulating carbon in Russia.