Результаты изучения перспективных сортов озимой ржи в условиях кировской области

Abstract

An urgent task for increasing the level of winter rye production is the creation and introduction into production high yielding and adaptive varieties, which are less sensitive to stressful edaphic factors, and which is also important, providing the profitability of the cultivation of this crop. The purpose of the research was to assess the yield and adaptability of promising winter rye varieties created in the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named after N. V. Rudnitsky under soil and climatic conditions of the Kirov region. The objects of study – six promising varieties of winter rye of competitive variety testing, standard – ‘Falenskaya 4’. The research was carried out in 2016–2020 on the experimental fields of the Falenskaya Breeding Station – Branch of “Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named after N.V. Rudnitsky” (Kirov region) on two soil backgrounds: slightly acidic (pH 5.0–5.2; Al3+ 5.0–6.5 mg/100 g of soil) and natural provocative for aluminum acid (pH 3.7–3.9; Al 26.5–28.4 mg/100 g of soil). Agroclimatic conditions in the years of research were contrasting. On a slightly acidic soil background, a promising variety ‘Batist’ with a high yielding capacity –5.52 t/ha (+0.93 t/ha compared to standard) and a high regenerative capacity (at the level of 87 %) after snow mold infestation was identified. Against the background of the edaphic stress, the yield of varieties under study on average decreased by 31.1-51.7% depending on the genotype. Over the years of research, varieties ‘Kiprez’ and ‘Batist’ were the most tolerant to soil acidity; yield decrease was 31.1 % and 35.0 %, respectively. Moreover, they have high stress tolerance and genetic flexibility. According to the assessment of ecological plasticity, varieties ‘Sarah’, ‘Nioba’, ‘Sarmat’ are of intensive type. Promising variety ‘Batist’ is the most stable on different soil backgrounds (CV – 17.2 and 19.7%; Hom – 0.32 and 0.18, respectively). A high coefficient of adaptability on a slightly acidic background was noted for ‘Batist’ variety, on the provocative – ‘Batist’ (1.26) and ‘Kiprez’ (1.17). Subsequently, these varieties can be recommended for cultivation on low-fertile acidic soils.